Human Gene Module / Chromosome 7 / MET

METmet proto-oncogene (hepatocyte growth factor receptor)

SFARI Gene Score
2
Strong Candidate Criteria 2.1
Autism Reports / Total Reports
17 / 41
Rare Variants / Common Variants
9 / 13
Aliases
MET, HGFR,  RCCP2, Oncogene MET,  met proto-oncogene
Associated Syndromes
-
Chromosome Band
7q31.2
Associated Disorders
-
Relevance to Autism

A number of studies have focused on the genetic association of the MET gene with autism. Positive associations have been found in the Caucasian, Japanese and Italian populations as well as in AGRE family cohorts from multiple studies. Interestingly, a positive association with MET and schizophrenia has also been found, but no association was found with PDD. In addition, biochemical studies have been performed that show a reduction in MET protein levels and general disruption of MET signaling in ASD patients.

Molecular Function

The encoded protein is the hepatocyte growth factor receptor with tyrosine-kinase activity. The primary single chain precursor protein is post-translationally cleaved to produce the alpha and beta subunits, which are disulfide linked to form the mature receptor.

SFARI Genomic Platforms
Reports related to MET (41 Reports)
# Type Title Author, Year Autism Report Associated Disorders
1 Highly Cited Met receptor tyrosine kinase: enhanced signaling through adapter proteins Furge KA , et al. (2000) No -
2 Highly Cited Coupling Met to specific pathways results in distinct developmental outcomes Maina F , et al. (2001) No -
3 Recent Recommendation Disruption of interneuron development Levitt P (2005) No -
4 Primary A genetic variant that disrupts MET transcription is associated with autism Campbell DB , et al. (2006) Yes -
5 Recent Recommendation Hepatocyte growth factor-induced Ras activation requires ERM proteins linked to both CD44v6 and F-actin Orian-Rousseau V , et al. (2006) No -
6 Recent Recommendation Disruption of cerebral cortex MET signaling in autism spectrum disorder Campbell DB , et al. (2007) Yes -
7 Recent Recommendation Signalling by neurotrophins and hepatocyte growth factor regulates axon morphogenesis by differential beta-catenin phosphorylation David MD , et al. (2008) No -
8 Positive Association MET and autism susceptibility: family and case-control studies Sousa I , et al. (2008) Yes -
9 Recent Recommendation Dynamic gene and protein expression patterns of the autism-associated met receptor tyrosine kinase in the developing mouse forebrain Judson MC , et al. (2009) No -
10 Positive Association Distinct genetic risk based on association of MET in families with co-occurring autism and gastrointestinal conditions Campbell DB , et al. (2009) Yes -
11 Positive Association Genetic evidence implicating multiple genes in the MET receptor tyrosine kinase pathway in autism spectrum disorder Campbell DB , et al. (2009) Yes -
12 Positive Association Association of MET with social and communication phenotypes in individuals with autism spectrum disorder Campbell DB , et al. (2009) Yes -
13 Recent Recommendation Disease-dependent reciprocal phosphorylation of serine and tyrosine residues of c-Met/HGF receptor contributes disease retardation of a transgenic mouse model of ALS Kadoyama K , et al. (2009) No -
14 Positive Association Further evidence that the rs1858830 C variant in the promoter region of the MET gene is associated with autistic disorder Jackson PB , et al. (2009) Yes -
15 Recent Recommendation The autism susceptibility gene met regulates zebrafish cerebellar development and facial motor neuron migration Elsen GE , et al. (2009) Yes -
16 Recent Recommendation Association of genetic variation in the MET proto-oncogene with schizophrenia and general cognitive ability Burdick KE , et al. (2010) No -
17 Positive Association Further evidence for the role of MET in autism susceptibility Thanseem I , et al. (2010) Yes -
18 Recent Recommendation Evidence of cell-nonautonomous changes in dendrite and dendritic spine morphology in the met-signaling-deficient mouse forebrain Judson MC , et al. (2010) No -
19 Recent Recommendation Circuit-specific intracortical hyperconnectivity in mice with deletion of the autism-associated Met receptor tyrosine kinase Qiu S , et al. (2011) No -
20 Recent Recommendation Regulation of MET by FOXP2, genes implicated in higher cognitive dysfunction and autism risk Mukamel Z , et al. (2011) No -
21 Recent Recommendation MET and AKT genetic influence on facial emotion perception Lin MT , et al. (2012) No -
22 Recent Recommendation Autism-associated promoter variant in MET impacts functional and structural brain networks Rudie JD , et al. (2012) Yes -
23 Recent Recommendation Autism risk gene MET variation and cortical thickness in typically developing children and adolescents Hedrick A , et al. (2012) No -
24 Support Refinement and discovery of new hotspots of copy-number variation associated with autism spectrum disorder Girirajan S , et al. (2013) Yes -
25 Recent Recommendation Synaptic and extrasynaptic location of the receptor tyrosine kinase met during postnatal development in the mouse neocortex and hippocampus Eagleson KL , et al. (2013) No -
26 Recent Recommendation Transcriptional regulation of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase gene by MeCP2 and sex-specific expression in autism and Rett syndrome Plummer JT , et al. (2013) No -
27 Recent Recommendation Autism spectrum disorder: interaction of air pollution with the MET receptor tyrosine kinase gene Volk HE , et al. (2013) No -
28 Recent Recommendation A familial heterozygous null mutation of MET in autism spectrum disorder Lambert N , et al. (2014) Yes -
29 Support Large-scale discovery of novel genetic causes of developmental disorders Deciphering Developmental Disorders Study (2014) No -
30 Recent Recommendation The autism-associated MET receptor tyrosine kinase engages early neuronal growth mechanism and controls glutamatergic circuits development in the forebrain Peng Y , et al. (2016) No -
31 Recent Recommendation Hepatocyte Growth Factor Modulates MET Receptor Tyrosine Kinase and ?-Catenin Functional Interactions to Enhance Synapse Formation Xie Z , et al. (2016) No -
32 Recent Recommendation Autism spectrum disorders and autistic traits share genetics and biology Bralten J , et al. (2017) No -
33 Support Rates, distribution and implications of postzygotic mosaic mutations in autism spectrum disorder Lim ET , et al. (2017) Yes -
34 Support Integrative Analyses of De Novo Mutations Provide Deeper Biological Insights into Autism Spectrum Disorder Takata A , et al. (2018) Yes -
35 Support Disruption of MET Receptor Tyrosine Kinase, an Autism Risk Factor, Impairs Developmental Synaptic Plasticity in the Hippocampus Ma X , et al. (2018) No -
36 Recent recommendation Time-delimited signaling of MET receptor tyrosine kinase regulates cortical circuit development and critical period plasticity Chen K , et al. (2020) No -
37 Support - Ohashi K et al. (2021) Yes -
38 Support - Zhou X et al. (2022) Yes -
39 Support - Wang J et al. (2023) Yes -
40 Highly Cited Uncoupling of Grb2 from the Met receptor in vivo reveals complex roles in muscle development Maina F , et al. (1996) No -
41 Highly Cited Interaction between Gab1 and the c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase is responsible for epithelial morphogenesis Weidner KM , et al. (1996) No -
Rare Variants   (9)
Status Allele Change Residue Change Variant Type Inheritance Pattern Parental Transmission Family Type PubMed ID Author, Year
- - copy_number_gain Familial Maternal Simplex 23375656 Girirajan S , et al. (2013)
c.3108C>T p.Asn1036%3D synonymous_variant De novo - - 35982159 Zhou X et al. (2022)
- - copy_number_loss Unknown Not maternal Multiplex 24909855 Lambert N , et al. (2014)
c.2192G>A p.Arg731Gln missense_variant De novo - Simplex 28714951 Lim ET , et al. (2017)
c.2192G>A p.Arg731Gln missense_variant De novo - Simplex 29346770 Takata A , et al. (2018)
c.4141G>A p.Ala1381Thr missense_variant Familial Maternal - 33590427 Ohashi K et al. (2021)
c.1551del p.Leu518TrpfsTer35 frameshift_variant De novo - Simplex 37393044 Wang J et al. (2023)
c.3272G>A p.Cys1091Tyr missense_variant De novo - Unknown 25533962 Deciphering Developmental Disorders Study (2014)
c.3751G>T p.Glu1251Ter missense_variant De novo - Unknown 25533962 Deciphering Developmental Disorders Study (2014)
Common Variants   (13)
Status Allele Change Residue Change Variant Type Inheritance Pattern Paternal Transmission Family Type PubMed ID Author, Year
c.-15+9171A>G;c.-8+9171A>G;c.-91+9171A>G G to A intron_variant - - - 19002214 Sousa I , et al. (2008)
c.-15+7295A>G;c.-8+7295A>G;c.-91+7295A>G A to G intron_variant - - - 20615438 Thanseem I , et al. (2010)
c.1200+14187T>A;c.1257+14187T>A;c.-90-17197T>A A intron_variant - - - 20080979 Burdick KE , et al. (2010)
c.-207C>G;c.-200C>G;c.-283C>G G/C 2KB_upstream_variant, 5_prime_UTR_variant - - - 19681062 Jackson PB , et al. (2009)
c.-207C>G;c.-200C>G;c.-283C>G G/C 2KB_upstream_variant, 5_prime_UTR_variant - - - 17053076 Campbell DB , et al. (2006)
c.-207C>G;c.-200C>G;c.-283C>G G/C 2KB_upstream_variant, 5_prime_UTR_variant - - - 19255034 Campbell DB , et al. (2009)
c.-207C>G;c.-200C>G;c.-283C>G C/G 2KB_upstream_variant, 5_prime_UTR_variant - - - 19360663 Campbell DB , et al. (2009)
c.-207C>G;c.-200C>G;c.-283C>G G/C 2KB_upstream_variant, 5_prime_UTR_variant - - - 19548256 Campbell DB , et al. (2009)
c.3799-293G>A;c.3853-293G>A;c.3910-293G>A;c.2509-293G>A;c.3856-293G>A C intron_variant - - - 20080979 Burdick KE , et al. (2010)
c.2583+2065T>C;c.2637+2065T>C;c.2694+2065T>C;c.1293+2065T>C;c.2640+2065T>C - intron_variant - - - 20080979 Burdick KE , et al. (2010)
- A intergenic_variant - - - 20080979 Burdick KE , et al. (2010)
- T intergenic_variant - - - 20080979 Burdick KE , et al. (2010)
c.*2262+71G>T;c.*2333G>T C 500B_downstream_variant - - - 20080979 Burdick KE , et al. (2010)
SFARI Gene score
2

Strong Candidate

Under a linkage peak. At least 4 positive association studies (PMID: 17053076, 19255034, 19681062, 19360663), though not always the same findings (PMID: 19002214). One of the associated variants (rs1858830) is functional. Altered expression in autism brains vs controls (PMID: 17696172). Association with schizophrenia (PMID: 20080979).

Score Delta: Score remained at 2

2

Strong Candidate

See all Category 2 Genes

We considered a rigorous statistical comparison between cases and controls, yielding genome-wide statistical significance, with independent replication, to be the strongest possible evidence for a gene. These criteria were relaxed slightly for category 2.

1/1/2021
2
icon
2

Score remained at 2

Description

Under a linkage peak. At least 4 positive association studies (PMID: 17053076, 19255034, 19681062, 19360663), though not always the same findings (PMID: 19002214). One of the associated variants (rs1858830) is functional. Altered expression in autism brains vs controls (PMID: 17696172). Association with schizophrenia (PMID: 20080979).

1/1/2020
2
icon
2

Score remained at 2

Description

Under a linkage peak. At least 4 positive association studies (PMID: 17053076, 19255034, 19681062, 19360663), though not always the same findings (PMID: 19002214). One of the associated variants (rs1858830) is functional. Altered expression in autism brains vs controls (PMID: 17696172). Association with schizophrenia (PMID: 20080979).

10/1/2019
2
icon
2

Score remained at 2

New Scoring Scheme
Description

Under a linkage peak. At least 4 positive association studies (PMID: 17053076, 19255034, 19681062, 19360663), though not always the same findings (PMID: 19002214). One of the associated variants (rs1858830) is functional. Altered expression in autism brains vs controls (PMID: 17696172). Association with schizophrenia (PMID: 20080979).

Reports Added
[New Scoring Scheme]
10/1/2018
2
icon
2

Score remained at 2

Description

Under a linkage peak. At least 4 positive association studies (PMID: 17053076, 19255034, 19681062, 19360663), though not always the same findings (PMID: 19002214). One of the associated variants (rs1858830) is functional. Altered expression in autism brains vs controls (PMID: 17696172). Association with schizophrenia (PMID: 20080979).

7/1/2017
2
icon
2

Score remained at 2

Description

Under a linkage peak. At least 4 positive association studies (PMID: 17053076, 19255034, 19681062, 19360663), though not always the same findings (PMID: 19002214). One of the associated variants (rs1858830) is functional. Altered expression in autism brains vs controls (PMID: 17696172). Association with schizophrenia (PMID: 20080979).

4/1/2017
2
icon
2

Score remained at 2

Description

Under a linkage peak. At least 4 positive association studies (PMID: 17053076, 19255034, 19681062, 19360663), though not always the same findings (PMID: 19002214). One of the associated variants (rs1858830) is functional. Altered expression in autism brains vs controls (PMID: 17696172). Association with schizophrenia (PMID: 20080979).

Reports Added
[A genetic variant that disrupts MET transcription is associated with autism.2006] [Disruption of cerebral cortex MET signaling in autism spectrum disorder.2007] [MET and autism susceptibility: family and case-control studies.2008] [Distinct genetic risk based on association of MET in families with co-occurring autism and gastrointestinal conditions.2009] [Genetic evidence implicating multiple genes in the MET receptor tyrosine kinase pathway in autism spectrum disorder.2009] [Association of MET with social and communication phenotypes in individuals with autism spectrum disorder.2009] [Further evidence that the rs1858830 C variant in the promoter region of the MET gene is associated with autistic disorder.2009] [The autism susceptibility gene met regulates zebrafish cerebellar development and facial motor neuron migration.2009] [Further evidence for the role of MET in autism susceptibility.2010] [Autism-associated promoter variant in MET impacts functional and structural brain networks.2012] [Refinement and discovery of new hotspots of copy-number variation associated with autism spectrum disorder.2013] [A familial heterozygous null mutation of MET in autism spectrum disorder.2014] [Association of genetic variation in the MET proto-oncogene with schizophrenia and general cognitive ability.2010] [Large-scale discovery of novel genetic causes of developmental disorders.2014] [Uncoupling of Grb2 from the Met receptor in vivo reveals complex roles in muscle development.1996] [Interaction between Gab1 and the c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase is responsible for epithelial morphogenesis.1996] [Met receptor tyrosine kinase: enhanced signaling through adapter proteins.2000] [Coupling Met to specific pathways results in distinct developmental outcomes.2001] [Disruption of interneuron development.2005] [Hepatocyte growth factor-induced Ras activation requires ERM proteins linked to both CD44v6 and F-actin.2006] [Signalling by neurotrophins and hepatocyte growth factor regulates axon morphogenesis by differential beta-catenin phosphorylation.2008] [Dynamic gene and protein expression patterns of the autism-associated met receptor tyrosine kinase in the developing mouse forebrain.2009] [Disease-dependent reciprocal phosphorylation of serine and tyrosine residues of c-Met/HGF receptor contributes disease retardation of a transgenic ...2009] [Evidence of cell-nonautonomous changes in dendrite and dendritic spine morphology in the met-signaling-deficient mouse forebrain.2010] [Circuit-specific intracortical hyperconnectivity in mice with deletion of the autism-associated Met receptor tyrosine kinase.2011] [Regulation of MET by FOXP2, genes implicated in higher cognitive dysfunction and autism risk.2011] [MET and AKT genetic influence on facial emotion perception.2012] [Autism risk gene MET variation and cortical thickness in typically developing children and adolescents.2012] [Synaptic and extrasynaptic location of the receptor tyrosine kinase met during postnatal development in the mouse neocortex and hippocampus.2013] [Transcriptional regulation of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase gene by MeCP2 and sex-specific expression in autism and Rett syndrome.2013] [Autism spectrum disorder: interaction of air pollution with the MET receptor tyrosine kinase gene.2013] [The autism-associated MET receptor tyrosine kinase engages early neuronal growth mechanism and controls glutamatergic circuits development in the f...2016] [Hepatocyte Growth Factor Modulates MET Receptor Tyrosine Kinase and -Catenin Functional Interactions to Enhance Synapse Formation.2016] [Autism spectrum disorders and autistic traits share genetics and biology.2017]
7/1/2016
2
icon
2

Score remained at 2

Description

Under a linkage peak. At least 4 positive association studies (PMID: 17053076, 19255034, 19681062, 19360663), though not always the same findings (PMID: 19002214). One of the associated variants (rs1858830) is functional. Altered expression in autism brains vs controls (PMID: 17696172). Association with schizophrenia (PMID: 20080979).

1/1/2016
2
icon
2

Score remained at 2

Description

Under a linkage peak. At least 4 positive association studies (PMID: 17053076, 19255034, 19681062, 19360663), though not always the same findings (PMID: 19002214). One of the associated variants (rs1858830) is functional. Altered expression in autism brains vs controls (PMID: 17696172). Association with schizophrenia (PMID: 20080979).

Reports Added
[A genetic variant that disrupts MET transcription is associated with autism.2006] [Disruption of cerebral cortex MET signaling in autism spectrum disorder.2007] [MET and autism susceptibility: family and case-control studies.2008] [Distinct genetic risk based on association of MET in families with co-occurring autism and gastrointestinal conditions.2009] [Genetic evidence implicating multiple genes in the MET receptor tyrosine kinase pathway in autism spectrum disorder.2009] [Association of MET with social and communication phenotypes in individuals with autism spectrum disorder.2009] [Further evidence that the rs1858830 C variant in the promoter region of the MET gene is associated with autistic disorder.2009] [The autism susceptibility gene met regulates zebrafish cerebellar development and facial motor neuron migration.2009] [Further evidence for the role of MET in autism susceptibility.2010] [Autism-associated promoter variant in MET impacts functional and structural brain networks.2012] [Refinement and discovery of new hotspots of copy-number variation associated with autism spectrum disorder.2013] [A familial heterozygous null mutation of MET in autism spectrum disorder.2014] [Association of genetic variation in the MET proto-oncogene with schizophrenia and general cognitive ability.2010] [Large-scale discovery of novel genetic causes of developmental disorders.2014] [Uncoupling of Grb2 from the Met receptor in vivo reveals complex roles in muscle development.1996] [Interaction between Gab1 and the c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase is responsible for epithelial morphogenesis.1996] [Met receptor tyrosine kinase: enhanced signaling through adapter proteins.2000] [Coupling Met to specific pathways results in distinct developmental outcomes.2001] [Disruption of interneuron development.2005] [Hepatocyte growth factor-induced Ras activation requires ERM proteins linked to both CD44v6 and F-actin.2006] [Signalling by neurotrophins and hepatocyte growth factor regulates axon morphogenesis by differential beta-catenin phosphorylation.2008] [Dynamic gene and protein expression patterns of the autism-associated met receptor tyrosine kinase in the developing mouse forebrain.2009] [Disease-dependent reciprocal phosphorylation of serine and tyrosine residues of c-Met/HGF receptor contributes disease retardation of a transgenic ...2009] [Evidence of cell-nonautonomous changes in dendrite and dendritic spine morphology in the met-signaling-deficient mouse forebrain.2010] [Circuit-specific intracortical hyperconnectivity in mice with deletion of the autism-associated Met receptor tyrosine kinase.2011] [Regulation of MET by FOXP2, genes implicated in higher cognitive dysfunction and autism risk.2011] [MET and AKT genetic influence on facial emotion perception.2012] [Autism risk gene MET variation and cortical thickness in typically developing children and adolescents.2012] [Synaptic and extrasynaptic location of the receptor tyrosine kinase met during postnatal development in the mouse neocortex and hippocampus.2013] [Transcriptional regulation of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase gene by MeCP2 and sex-specific expression in autism and Rett syndrome.2013] [Autism spectrum disorder: interaction of air pollution with the MET receptor tyrosine kinase gene.2013] [The autism-associated MET receptor tyrosine kinase engages early neuronal growth mechanism and controls glutamatergic circuits development in the f...2016]
1/1/2015
2
icon
2

Score remained at 2

Description

Under a linkage peak. At least 4 positive association studies (PMID: 17053076, 19255034, 19681062, 19360663), though not always the same findings (PMID: 19002214). One of the associated variants (rs1858830) is functional. Altered expression in autism brains vs controls (PMID: 17696172). Association with schizophrenia (PMID: 20080979).

7/1/2014
No data
icon
2

Increased from No data to 2

Description

Under a linkage peak. At least 4 positive association studies (PMID: 17053076, 19255034, 19681062, 19360663), though not always the same findings (PMID: 19002214). One of the associated variants (rs1858830) is functional. Altered expression in autism brains vs controls (PMID: 17696172). Association with schizophrenia (PMID: 20080979).

Reports Added
[Uncoupling of Grb2 from the Met receptor in vivo reveals complex roles in muscle development.1996] [Interaction between Gab1 and the c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase is responsible for epithelial morphogenesis.1996] [Met receptor tyrosine kinase: enhanced signaling through adapter proteins.2000] [Coupling Met to specific pathways results in distinct developmental outcomes.2001] [Disruption of interneuron development.2005] [A genetic variant that disrupts MET transcription is associated with autism.2006] [Hepatocyte growth factor-induced Ras activation requires ERM proteins linked to both CD44v6 and F-actin.2006] [Disruption of cerebral cortex MET signaling in autism spectrum disorder.2007] [Signalling by neurotrophins and hepatocyte growth factor regulates axon morphogenesis by differential beta-catenin phosphorylation.2008] [MET and autism susceptibility: family and case-control studies.2008] [Dynamic gene and protein expression patterns of the autism-associated met receptor tyrosine kinase in the developing mouse forebrain.2009] [Distinct genetic risk based on association of MET in families with co-occurring autism and gastrointestinal conditions.2009] [Genetic evidence implicating multiple genes in the MET receptor tyrosine kinase pathway in autism spectrum disorder.2009] [Association of MET with social and communication phenotypes in individuals with autism spectrum disorder.2009] [Disease-dependent reciprocal phosphorylation of serine and tyrosine residues of c-Met/HGF receptor contributes disease retardation of a transgenic ...2009] [Further evidence that the rs1858830 C variant in the promoter region of the MET gene is associated with autistic disorder.2009] [The autism susceptibility gene met regulates zebrafish cerebellar development and facial motor neuron migration.2009] [Association of genetic variation in the MET proto-oncogene with schizophrenia and general cognitive ability.2010] [Further evidence for the role of MET in autism susceptibility.2010] [Evidence of cell-nonautonomous changes in dendrite and dendritic spine morphology in the met-signaling-deficient mouse forebrain.2010] [Circuit-specific intracortical hyperconnectivity in mice with deletion of the autism-associated Met receptor tyrosine kinase.2011] [Regulation of MET by FOXP2, genes implicated in higher cognitive dysfunction and autism risk.2011] [MET and AKT genetic influence on facial emotion perception.2012] [Autism-associated promoter variant in MET impacts functional and structural brain networks.2012] [Autism risk gene MET variation and cortical thickness in typically developing children and adolescents.2012] [Refinement and discovery of new hotspots of copy-number variation associated with autism spectrum disorder.2013] [Synaptic and extrasynaptic location of the receptor tyrosine kinase met during postnatal development in the mouse neocortex and hippocampus.2013] [Transcriptional regulation of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase gene by MeCP2 and sex-specific expression in autism and Rett syndrome.2013] [Autism spectrum disorder: interaction of air pollution with the MET receptor tyrosine kinase gene.2013] [A familial heterozygous null mutation of MET in autism spectrum disorder.2014]
4/1/2014
No data
icon
2

Increased from No data to 2

Description

Under a linkage peak. At least 4 positive association studies (PMID: 17053076, 19255034, 19681062, 19360663), though not always the same findings (PMID: 19002214). One of the associated variants (rs1858830) is functional. Altered expression in autism brains vs controls (PMID: 17696172). Association with schizophrenia (PMID: 20080979).

Krishnan Probability Score

Score 0.49451513277543

Ranking 3618/25841 scored genes


[Show Scoring Methodology]
Krishnan and colleagues generated probability scores genome-wide by using a machine learning approach on a human brain-specific gene network. The method was first presented in Nat Neurosci 19, 1454-1462 (2016), and scores for more than 25,000 RefSeq genes can be accessed in column G of supplementary table 3 (see: http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v19/n11/extref/nn.4353-S5.xlsx). A searchable browser, with the ability to view networks of associated ASD risk genes, can be found at asd.princeton.edu.
ExAC Score

Score 0.9964128637655

Ranking 1413/18225 scored genes


[Show Scoring Methodology]
The Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) is a summary database of 60,706 exomes that has been widely used to estimate 'constraint' on mutation for individual genes. It was introduced by Lek et al. Nature 536, 285-291 (2016), and the ExAC browser can be found at exac.broadinstitute.org. The pLI score was developed as measure of intolerance to loss-of- function mutation. A pLI > 0.9 is generally viewed as highly constrained, and thus any loss-of- function mutations in autism in such a gene would be more likely to confer risk. For a full list of pLI scores see: ftp://ftp.broadinstitute.org/pub/ExAC_release/release0.3.1/functional_gene_constraint/fordist_cle aned_exac_nonTCGA_z_pli_rec_null_data.txt
Sanders TADA Score

Score 0.94462809955764

Ranking 16150/18665 scored genes


[Show Scoring Methodology]
The TADA score ('Transmission and De novo Association') was introduced by He et al. PLoS Genet 9(8):e1003671 (2013), and is a statistic that integrates evidence from both de novo and transmitted mutations. It forms the basis for the claim of 65 individual genes being strongly associated with autism risk at a false discovery rate of 0.1 (Sanders et al. Neuron 87, 1215-1233 (2015)). The calculated TADA score for 18,665 RefSeq genes can be found in column P of Supplementary Table 6 in the Sanders et al. paper (the column headed 'tadaFdrAscSscExomeSscAgpSmallDel'), which represents a combined analysis of exome data and small de novo deletions (see www.cell.com/cms/attachment/2038545319/2052606711/mmc7.xlsx).
Larsen Cumulative Evidence Score

Score 85

Ranking 12/461 scored genes


[Show Scoring Methodology]
Larsen and colleagues generated gene scores based on the sum of evidence for all available ASD-associated variants in a gene, with assessments based on mode of inheritance, effect size, and variant frequency in the general population. The approach was first presented in Mol Autism 7:44 (2016), and scores for 461 genes can be found in column I in supplementary table 4 from that paper.
Zhang D Score

Score 0.33786637716386

Ranking 2166/20870 scored genes


[Show Scoring Methodology]
The DAMAGES score (disease-associated mutation analysis using gene expression signatures), or D score, was developed to combine evidence from de novo loss-of- function mutation with evidence from cell-type- specific gene expression in the mouse brain (specifically translational profiles of 24 specific mouse CNS cell types isolated from 6 different brain regions). Genes with positive D scores are more likely to be associated with autism risk, with higher-confidence genes having higher D scores. This statistic was first presented by Zhang & Shen (Hum Mutat 38, 204- 215 (2017), and D scores for more than 20,000 RefSeq genes can be found in column M in supplementary table 2 from that paper.
Interaction Table
Interactor Symbol Interactor Name Interactor Organism Interactor Type Entrez ID Uniprot ID
CEACAM21 Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 21 Human Protein Binding 90273 Q3KPI0-2
Elmod1 ELMO/CED-12 domain containing 1 Mouse Protein Binding 270162 Q3V1U8
Eng ROBO1 Human Protein Binding 2022 P17813
Erc2 ELKS/RAB6-interacting/CAST family member 2 Mouse Protein Binding 238988 Q6PH08
HGF hepatocyte growth factor (hepapoietin A; scatter factor) Human Protein Binding 3082 P14210
INPP5D inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase D Rat Protein Binding 54259 P97573
ITGB4 integrin, beta 4 Human Protein Modification 3691 P16144
Klf8 Kruppel-like factor 8 Zebrafish Direct Regulation 562805 A0S0R1
MACC1 metastasis associated in colon cancer 1 Human RNA Binding 346389 Q6ZN28
miR-148a microRNA 148a Mouse RNA Binding 387166 N/A
miR-340 microRNA 340 Mouse RNA Binding 723845 N/A
miR-34b microRNA 34b Mouse RNA Binding 723849 N/A
miR-34c microRNA 34c Human RNA Binding 407042 N/A
miR185 microRNA 185 Human RNA Binding 406961 N/A
MUC20 mucin 20, cell surface associated Human Protein Binding 200958 Q8N307
Pcdhgc5 protocadherin gamma subfamily C, 5 Mouse Protein Binding 93708 Q91XW9
Pea3 ETS translocation variant 4 Mouse Direct Regulation 18612 P28322
PTPRB protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, B Human Protein Modification 5787 P23467
Rack1 receptor for activated C kinase 1 Mouse Protein Binding 14694 P68040
SCGB1D1 Secretoglobin family 1D member 1 Human Protein Binding 10648 O95968
Scn2a1 sodium channel, voltage-gated, type II, alpha 1 Mouse Protein Binding 110876 B1AWN6
Snx20 sorting nexin 20 Mouse Protein Binding 71607 Q9D2Y5
SPSB1 splA/ryanodine receptor domain and SOCS box containing 1 Human Protein Binding 80176 Q96BD6
SPSB4 splA/ryanodine receptor domain and SOCS box containing 4 Human Protein Binding 92369 Q96A44
Tenm4 teneurin transmembrane protein 4 Mouse Protein Binding 23966 Q3UHK6
Submit New Gene

Report an Error