Human Gene Module / Chromosome 21 / DYRK1A

DYRK1ADual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A

SFARI Gene Score
1S
High Confidence, Syndromic Criteria 1.1, Syndromic
Autism Reports / Total Reports
36 / 75
Rare Variants / Common Variants
254 / 0
EAGLE Score
20.2
Strong Learn More
Aliases
DYRK1A, DYRK,  DYRK1,  HP86,  MNB,  MNBH,  MRD7
Associated Syndromes
-
Chromosome Band
21q22.13
Associated Disorders
DD/NDD, ID, EP, EPS, ASD
Genetic Category
Rare Single Gene Mutation, Syndromic, Functional
Relevance to Autism

Recurrent mutations in the DYRK1A gene have been identified in multiple individuals with ASD as described below. A total of four de novo LoF variants in the DYRK1A gene were identified in ASD probands from the Simons Simplex Collection (PMIDs 22495309, 22542183, 23160955, 25363768). Analysis of rare coding variation in 3,871 ASD cases and 9,937 ancestry-matched or paternal controls from the Autism Sequencing Consortium (ASC) in De Rubeis et al., 2014 identified DYRK1A as a gene meeting high statistical significance with a FDR 0.01, meaning that this gene had a 99% chance of being a true autism gene (PMID 25363760). This gene was identified in Iossifov et al. 2015 as a strong candidate to be an ASD risk gene based on a combination of de novo mutational evidence and the absence or very low frequency of mutations in controls (PMID 26401017). Resequencing of the DYRK1A gene in 4716 new cases with DD/ID or ASD in van Bon et al., 2016 identified five novel truncating variants, three of which were confirmed de novo and were observed in cases with ASD and intellectual disability; no truncating variants in DYRK1A were observed in 6503 individuals from NHLBI or in 2193 unaffected SSC siblings (PMID 25707398). Furthermore, phenotypic comparison of 15 cases with DYRK1A disruptions in this report identified a syndromic disorder characterized by ASD, intellectual disability, microcephaly and other shared phenotypes. Evers et al., 2017 reported additional de novo DYRK1A variants identified in individuals from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study presenting with intellectual disability and other features (PMID 28053047). A two-stage analysis of rare de novo and inherited coding variants in 42,607 ASD cases, including 35,130 new cases from the SPARK cohort, in Zhou et al., 2022 identified DYRK1A as a gene reaching exome-wide significance (P < 2.5E-06).

Molecular Function

This gene encodes a member of the Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK) family. It may play a significant role in a signaling pathway regulating cell proliferation and may be involved in brain development. It is localized in the Down syndrome critical region of chromosome 21, and is considered to be a strong candidate gene for learning defects associated with Down syndrome. Defects in DYRK1A are the cause of mental retardation autosomal dominant type 7 (MRD7) [MIM:614104].

SFARI Genomic Platforms
Reports related to DYRK1A (75 Reports)
# Type Title Author, Year Autism Report Associated Disorders
1 Support Truncation of the Down syndrome candidate gene DYRK1A in two unrelated patients with microcephaly Mller RS , et al. (2008) No Epilepsy, MR
2 Support Intragenic deletion in DYRK1A leads to mental retardation and primary microcephaly van Bon BW , et al. (2011) No Autistic features
3 Primary Sporadic autism exomes reveal a highly interconnected protein network of de novo mutations O'Roak BJ , et al. (2012) Yes -
4 Support De novo gene disruptions in children on the autistic spectrum Iossifov I , et al. (2012) Yes -
5 Recent Recommendation The DYRK1A gene is a cause of syndromic intellectual disability with severe microcephaly and epilepsy Courcet JB , et al. (2012) No Epilepsy
6 Support Multiplex targeted sequencing identifies recurrently mutated genes in autism spectrum disorders O'Roak BJ , et al. (2012) Yes -
7 Recent Recommendation DYRK1A promotes dopaminergic neuron survival in the developing brain and in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease Barallobre MJ , et al. (2014) No -
8 Support Efficient strategy for the molecular diagnosis of intellectual disability using targeted high-throughput sequencing Redin C , et al. (2014) No -
9 Recent Recommendation Synaptic, transcriptional and chromatin genes disrupted in autism De Rubeis S , et al. (2014) Yes -
10 Support The contribution of de novo coding mutations to autism spectrum disorder Iossifov I et al. (2014) Yes -
11 Support Large-scale discovery of novel genetic causes of developmental disorders Deciphering Developmental Disorders Study (2014) Yes Microcephaly
12 Support DYRK1A mutations in two unrelated patients Ruaud L , et al. (2015) No Autistic features
13 Recent Recommendation Disruptive de novo mutations of DYRK1A lead to a syndromic form of autism and ID van Bon BW , et al. (2015) Yes Epilepsy/seizures, microcephaly
14 Recent Recommendation Ten new cases further delineate the syndromic intellectual disability phenotype caused by mutations in DYRK1A Bronicki LM , et al. (2015) Yes Microcephaly
15 Recent Recommendation DYRK1A haploinsufficiency causes a new recognizable syndrome with microcephaly, intellectual disability, speech impairment, and distinct facies Ji J , et al. (2015) No ASD, epilepsy/seizures
16 Recent Recommendation Low load for disruptive mutations in autism genes and their biased transmission Iossifov I , et al. (2015) Yes -
17 Support Gene Mutation Analysis in 253 Chinese Children with Unexplained Epilepsy and Intellectual/Developmental Disabilities Zhang Y , et al. (2015) No -
18 Support Whole-exome sequencing is a powerful approach for establishing the etiological diagnosis in patients with intellectual disability and microcephaly Rump P , et al. (2016) No Microcephaly
19 Support Case report of novel DYRK1A mutations in 2 individuals with syndromic intellectual disability and a review of the literature Luco SM , et al. (2016) No Epilepsy/seizures
20 Recent Recommendation Phosphorylation of ?-Tubulin by the Down Syndrome Kinase, Minibrain/DYRK1a, Regulates Microtubule Dynamics and Dendrite Morphogenesis Ori-McKenney KM , et al. (2016) No -
21 Support High diagnostic yield of syndromic intellectual disability by targeted next-generation sequencing Martnez F , et al. (2016) No -
22 Support De novo genic mutations among a Chinese autism spectrum disorder cohort Wang T , et al. (2016) Yes -
23 Support The genomic landscape of balanced cytogenetic abnormalities associated with human congenital anomalies Redin C , et al. (2016) No Autistic features
24 Support Clinical exome sequencing: results from 2819 samples reflecting 1000 families Trujillano D , et al. (2016) No DD, ID, epilepsy/seizures
25 Support Structural analysis of pathogenic mutations in the DYRK1A gene in patients with developmental disorders Evers JM , et al. (2017) No -
26 Support Diagnostic Yield and Novel Candidate Genes by Exome Sequencing in 152 Consanguineous Families With Neurodevelopmental Disorders Reuter MS , et al. (2017) No -
27 Support Autism-associated Dyrk1a truncation mutants impair neuronal dendritic and spine growth and interfere with postnatal cortical development Dang T , et al. (2017) Yes -
28 Support Targeted sequencing identifies 91 neurodevelopmental-disorder risk genes with autism and developmental-disability biases Stessman HA , et al. (2017) Yes -
29 Support Whole genome sequencing resource identifies 18 new candidate genes for autism spectrum disorder C Yuen RK et al. (2017) Yes -
30 Support Genomic diagnosis for children with intellectual disability and/or developmental delay Bowling KM , et al. (2017) No -
31 Support Targeted sequencing and functional analysis reveal brain-size-related genes and their networks in autism spectrum disorders Li J , et al. (2017) Yes -
32 Support Clinical phenotype of ASD-associated DYRK1A haploinsufficiency Earl RK , et al. (2017) No ASD
33 Recent Recommendation Functional characterization of DYRK1A missense variants associated with a syndromic form of intellectual deficiency and autism Widowati EW , et al. (2018) No -
34 Support Inherited and multiple de novo mutations in autism/developmental delay risk genes suggest a multifactorial model Guo H , et al. (2018) Yes -
35 Support Impaired development of neocortical circuits contributes to the neurological alterations in DYRK1A haploinsufficiency syndrome Arranz J , et al. (2019) Yes -
36 Support Elucidation of the phenotypic spectrum and genetic landscape in primary and secondary microcephaly Boonsawat P , et al. (2019) No DD, epilepsy/seizures
37 Support Neurological Diseases With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Role of ASD Risk Genes Xiong J , et al. (2019) Yes ID
38 Support The Body Size of Stimulus Conspecifics Affects Social Preference in a Binary Choice Task in Wild-Type, But Not in dyrk1aa Mutant, Zebrafish Aslanzadeh M , et al. (2019) No -
39 Support Lessons Learned from Large-Scale, First-Tier Clinical Exome Sequencing in a Highly Consanguineous Population Monies D , et al. (2019) Yes -
40 Support Characterization of intellectual disability and autism comorbidity through gene panel sequencing Aspromonte MC , et al. (2019) Yes -
41 Support DYRK1A-related intellectual disability: a syndrome associated with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract Blackburn ATM , et al. (2019) No ASD, epilepsy/seizures, microcephaly
42 Support Inherited and De Novo Genetic Risk for Autism Impacts Shared Networks Ruzzo EK , et al. (2019) Yes -
43 Support Autism risk in offspring can be assessed through quantification of male sperm mosaicism Breuss MW , et al. (2019) Yes -
44 Support Large-Scale Exome Sequencing Study Implicates Both Developmental and Functional Changes in the Neurobiology of Autism Satterstrom FK et al. (2020) Yes -
45 Support Rare genetic susceptibility variants assessment in autism spectrum disorder: detection rate and practical use Husson T , et al. (2020) Yes -
46 Support Genetic landscape of autism spectrum disorder in Vietnamese children Tran KT et al. (2020) Yes -
47 Support The neurodevelopmental disorder risk gene DYRK1A is required for ciliogenesis and control of brain size in Xenopus embryos Willsey HR et al. (2020) No -
48 Support A novel de novo heterozygous DYRK1A mutation causes complete loss of DYRK1A function and developmental delay Lee KS et al. (2020) No DD, epilepsy/seizures
49 Support Large-scale targeted sequencing identifies risk genes for neurodevelopmental disorders Wang T et al. (2020) Yes ID
50 Support - Méjécase C et al. (2021) No DD, ID, epilepsy/seizures
51 Support - Hiraide T et al. (2021) No -
52 Support - Chen JS et al. (2021) Yes -
53 Support - Okazaki T et al. (2021) No ASD, DD, epilepsy/seizures
54 Recent Recommendation - Courraud J et al. (2021) No ASD, stereotypy
55 Support - Valentino F et al. (2021) No Epilepsy/seizures, stereotypy
56 Support - Chau KK et al. (2021) Yes -
57 Support - Woodbury-Smith M et al. (2022) Yes -
58 Support - Verberne EA et al. (2022) No -
59 Recent Recommendation - Fenster R et al. (2022) No ASD, epilepsy/seizures
60 Support - Hu C et al. (2022) Yes -
61 Support - Krgovic D et al. (2022) Yes DD, ID, epilepsy/seizures
62 Support - Durand B et al. (2022) No ASD
63 Support - Chen Y et al. (2021) No -
64 Support - Levchenko O et al. (2022) No Epilepsy/seizures
65 Support - Zhou X et al. (2022) Yes -
66 Support - Pijuan I et al. (2022) No -
67 Support - Obara K et al. (2023) No -
68 Support - Infantino I et al. (2023) Yes -
69 Recent Recommendation - Weinschutz Mendes H et al. (2023) Yes -
70 Recent Recommendation - Pintacuda G et al. (2023) Yes -
71 Support - Zhou C et al. (2023) No Autistic behavior
72 Support - Kurtz-Nelson EC et al. (2023) Yes -
73 Support - Sanchis-Juan A et al. (2023) No -
74 Support - et al. () Yes -
75 Support - et al. () No -
Rare Variants   (254)
Status Allele Change Residue Change Variant Type Inheritance Pattern Parental Transmission Family Type PubMed ID Author, Year
- - inversion De novo - - 28053047 Evers JM , et al. (2017)
- - translocation De novo - - 27841880 Redin C , et al. (2016)
- - translocation De novo - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
- - copy_number_loss Unknown - - 35285131 Fenster R et al. (2022)
- - copy_number_loss De novo - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
- - copy_number_loss De novo - - 21294719 van Bon BW , et al. (2011)
- - copy_number_loss De novo - Simplex 25944381 Ji J , et al. (2015)
- - copy_number_loss De novo - - 25920557 Bronicki LM , et al. (2015)
- - copy_number_loss De novo - Simplex 37274198 Zhou C et al. (2023)
- - translocation De novo - Simplex 18405873 Mller RS , et al. (2008)
c.1028A>G p.Asp343Gly missense_variant De novo - - 38008000 et al. ()
- - copy_number_loss Unknown - - 33562844 Méjécase C et al. (2021)
c.232C>T p.Gln78Ter stop_gained Unknown - - 33004838 Wang T et al. (2020)
c.208-1G>A - splice_site_variant Unknown - - 33004838 Wang T et al. (2020)
- - copy_number_loss De novo - Simplex 33624935 Abe-Hatano C et al. (2021)
c.349C>T p.Arg117Ter stop_gained Unknown - - 33004838 Wang T et al. (2020)
c.367C>T p.Gln123Ter stop_gained Unknown - - 33004838 Wang T et al. (2020)
c.763C>T p.Arg255Ter stop_gained De novo - - 33004838 Wang T et al. (2020)
c.1071+1G>A - splice_site_variant De novo - - 33004838 Wang T et al. (2020)
c.1072-2A>G - splice_site_variant De novo - - 33004838 Wang T et al. (2020)
c.1099-2A>G - splice_site_variant Unknown - - 33004838 Wang T et al. (2020)
c.1325C>G p.Ser442Ter stop_gained Unknown - - 33004838 Wang T et al. (2020)
c.457G>T p.Glu153Ter stop_gained De novo - - 27824329 Wang T , et al. (2016)
c.613C>T p.Arg205Ter stop_gained Unknown - - 28167836 Dang T , et al. (2017)
c.715G>T p.Glu239Ter stop_gained Unknown - - 28167836 Dang T , et al. (2017)
c.214C>G p.Pro72Ala missense_variant Unknown - - 35741772 Hu C et al. (2022)
c.613C>T p.Arg205Ter stop_gained De novo - - 25641759 Ruaud L , et al. (2015)
c.763C>T p.Arg255Ter stop_gained De novo - - 29034068 Earl RK , et al. (2017)
c.665-1G>T - splice_site_variant De novo - - 28053047 Evers JM , et al. (2017)
c.952-2A>G - splice_site_variant De novo - - 28053047 Evers JM , et al. (2017)
c.328-2A>G - splice_site_variant De novo - - 35285131 Fenster R et al. (2022)
- - copy_number_loss Familial Maternal Multiplex 25944381 Ji J , et al. (2015)
c.763C>T p.Arg255Ter stop_gained De novo - - 28053047 Evers JM , et al. (2017)
c.787C>T p.Arg263Ter stop_gained De novo - - 28053047 Evers JM , et al. (2017)
c.349C>T p.Arg117Ter stop_gained De novo - - 35285131 Fenster R et al. (2022)
c.613C>T p.Arg205Ter stop_gained De novo - - 35285131 Fenster R et al. (2022)
c.657C>A p.Tyr219Ter stop_gained De novo - - 35285131 Fenster R et al. (2022)
c.691C>T p.Arg231Ter stop_gained De novo - - 35285131 Fenster R et al. (2022)
c.328-1G>T - splice_site_variant De novo - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.665-2A>G - splice_site_variant De novo - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.924+1G>C - splice_site_variant De novo - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.1730T>A p.Val577Asp missense_variant Unknown - - 35741772 Hu C et al. (2022)
c.1282C>T p.Arg428Ter stop_gained De novo - - 28053047 Evers JM , et al. (2017)
c.1309C>T p.Arg437Ter stop_gained De novo - - 28053047 Evers JM , et al. (2017)
c.1035G>A p.Met345Ile stop_gained De novo - - 35285131 Fenster R et al. (2022)
c.1653C>A p.Cys551Ter stop_gained De novo - - 35285131 Fenster R et al. (2022)
c.322C>T p.Arg108Ter stop_gained Unknown - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.349C>T p.Arg117Ter stop_gained De novo - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.613C>T p.Arg205Ter stop_gained Unknown - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.763C>T p.Arg255Ter stop_gained Unknown - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.799C>T p.Gln267Ter stop_gained De novo - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.936T>A p.Cys312Ter stop_gained De novo - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.1240-2A>G - splice_site_variant De novo - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.489+2T>C - splice_site_variant De novo - - 25707398 van Bon BW , et al. (2015)
c.1313G>A p.Arg438His missense_variant De novo - - 28831199 Li J , et al. (2017)
c.974G>A p.Arg325His missense_variant Unknown - - 33004838 Wang T et al. (2020)
c.982C>T p.Arg328Trp missense_variant Unknown - - 33004838 Wang T et al. (2020)
c.924+4_924+7del - splice_site_variant Unknown - - 33004838 Wang T et al. (2020)
c.169T>C p.Ser57Pro missense_variant Unknown - - 28167836 Dang T , et al. (2017)
c.183G>C p.Gln61His missense_variant Unknown - - 28167836 Dang T , et al. (2017)
c.1309C>T p.Arg437Ter stop_gained Unknown - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.1399C>T p.Arg467Ter stop_gained De novo - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.367C>T p.Gln123Ter stop_gained De novo - - 25707398 van Bon BW , et al. (2015)
c.1240-2A>G - splice_site_variant De novo - - 25707398 van Bon BW , et al. (2015)
c.312C>G p.Tyr104Ter stop_gained De novo - Simplex 25944381 Ji J , et al. (2015)
c.613C>T p.Arg205Ter stop_gained De novo - Simplex 25944381 Ji J , et al. (2015)
c.1031T>A p.Met344Lys missense_variant Unknown - - 33004838 Wang T et al. (2020)
c.1334C>T p.Thr445Met missense_variant Unknown - - 33004838 Wang T et al. (2020)
c.1409C>T p.Pro470Leu missense_variant Unknown - - 33004838 Wang T et al. (2020)
c.1852C>T p.Arg618Trp missense_variant Unknown - - 33004838 Wang T et al. (2020)
c.1879C>T p.Arg627Trp missense_variant Unknown - - 33004838 Wang T et al. (2020)
c.355C>T p.His119Tyr missense_variant Unknown - - 28167836 Dang T , et al. (2017)
c.376G>T p.Asp126Tyr missense_variant Unknown - - 28167836 Dang T , et al. (2017)
c.398G>A p.Arg133Gln missense_variant Unknown - - 28167836 Dang T , et al. (2017)
c.468G>A p.Met156Ile missense_variant Unknown - - 28167836 Dang T , et al. (2017)
c.583G>A p.Ala195Thr missense_variant Unknown - - 28167836 Dang T , et al. (2017)
c.777G>T p.Leu259Phe missense_variant Unknown - - 28167836 Dang T , et al. (2017)
A>G p.? splice_site_variant Familial - Simplex 28263302 C Yuen RK et al. (2017)
c.1639C>T p.Gln547Ter stop_gained De novo - - 28554332 Bowling KM , et al. (2017)
c.1669C>T p.Gln557Ter stop_gained De novo - - 34356170 Valentino F et al. (2021)
c.1399C>T p.His467Tyr stop_gained Unknown - - 35253369 Verberne EA et al. (2022)
c.586C>T p.Arg196Ter stop_gained De novo - - 25920557 Bronicki LM , et al. (2015)
c.736C>T p.Arg246Ter stop_gained De novo - - 25920557 Bronicki LM , et al. (2015)
c.691C>T p.Arg231Ter stop_gained De novo - - 28191889 Stessman HA , et al. (2017)
c.1071+1G>A - splice_site_variant De novo - - 28191889 Stessman HA , et al. (2017)
c.1399C>T p.Arg467Ter stop_gained De novo - Simplex 25944381 Ji J , et al. (2015)
c.665-9_665-5del - splice_region_variant De novo - - 35982159 Zhou X et al. (2022)
c.691C>T p.Arg231Ter stop_gained De novo - Simplex 30564305 Guo H , et al. (2018)
c.586C>T p.Arg196Ter stop_gained De novo - Simplex 35873028 Chen Y et al. (2021)
c.1373G>T p.Arg458Met missense_variant Unknown - - 28167836 Dang T , et al. (2017)
c.932C>T p.Ser311Phe missense_variant De novo - - 25641759 Ruaud L , et al. (2015)
c.883C>T p.Leu295Phe missense_variant De novo - - 29034068 Earl RK , et al. (2017)
c.638-8_638-3del - splice_site_variant De novo - - 29034068 Earl RK , et al. (2017)
c.1309C>T p.Arg437Ter stop_gained Unknown - - 25920557 Bronicki LM , et al. (2015)
c.208-1G>A - splice_site_variant Familial Maternal - 33004838 Wang T et al. (2020)
c.1399C>T p.His467Tyr stop_gained De novo - Simplex 35873028 Chen Y et al. (2021)
c.601C>T p.Gln201Ter stop_gained De novo - Simplex 32193494 Tran KT et al. (2020)
c.1178C>G p.Thr393Ser missense_variant Unknown - - 31031587 Xiong J , et al. (2019)
c.829G>C p.Ala277Pro missense_variant De novo - - 28053047 Evers JM , et al. (2017)
c.848T>G p.Ile283Ser missense_variant De novo - - 35285131 Fenster R et al. (2022)
G>A p.? splice_site_variant Familial - Multiplex 28263302 C Yuen RK et al. (2017)
T>C p.? splice_site_variant Familial - Multiplex 28263302 C Yuen RK et al. (2017)
c.787C>T p.Arg263Ter stop_gained De novo - - 31263215 Blackburn ATM , et al. (2019)
c.1071+1G>A - splice_site_variant De novo - - 31263215 Blackburn ATM , et al. (2019)
c.208-28G>A - splice_site_variant Familial Maternal - 33004838 Wang T et al. (2020)
c.586C>T p.Arg196Ter stop_gained De novo - Simplex 25167861 Redin C , et al. (2014)
c.946C>T p.Gln316Ter stop_gained De novo - Simplex 26544041 Zhang Y , et al. (2015)
c.760C>T p.Arg254Ter stop_gained De novo - Simplex 26922654 Luco SM , et al. (2016)
c.1400G>A p.Arg467Gln missense_variant De novo - - 28053047 Evers JM , et al. (2017)
c.272del p.Leu91Ter frameshift_variant De novo - - 28053047 Evers JM , et al. (2017)
c.503G>A p.Gly168Asp missense_variant De novo - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.764G>A p.Arg255Gln missense_variant Unknown - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.860A>T p.Asp287Val missense_variant De novo - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.914T>G p.Ile305Arg missense_variant De novo - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.972T>A p.Ser324Arg missense_variant De novo - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.924+4_924+7del - splice_site_variant De novo - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.1282C>T p.Arg428Ter stop_gained De novo - - 31263215 Blackburn ATM , et al. (2019)
c.1309C>T p.Arg437Ter stop_gained De novo - - 31263215 Blackburn ATM , et al. (2019)
c.489+2T>C - splice_site_variant Unknown - - 33562844 Méjécase C et al. (2021)
c.957C>G p.Tyr319Ter stop_gained De novo - Simplex 34253714 Okazaki T et al. (2021)
c.1240-2A>G - splice_site_variant Unknown - Simplex 31130284 Monies D , et al. (2019)
c.1098G>T p.Glu366Asp inframe_deletion De novo - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.1384T>C p.Tyr462His missense_variant De novo - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.1400G>A p.Arg467Gln missense_variant De novo - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.1457G>A p.Gly486Asp missense_variant De novo - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.1519+1del - frameshift_variant De novo - Simplex 25363768 Iossifov I et al. (2014)
c.638-9_638-5del - splice_site_variant De novo - - 25707398 van Bon BW , et al. (2015)
c.349C>T p.Arg117Ter stop_gained Unknown - - 33562844 Méjécase C et al. (2021)
c.361C>T p.Gln121Ter stop_gained Unknown - - 33562844 Méjécase C et al. (2021)
c.586C>T p.Arg196Ter stop_gained Unknown - - 33562844 Méjécase C et al. (2021)
c.613C>T p.Arg205Ter stop_gained Unknown - - 33562844 Méjécase C et al. (2021)
c.691C>T p.Arg231Ter stop_gained Unknown - - 33562844 Méjécase C et al. (2021)
c.763C>T p.Arg255Ter stop_gained Unknown - - 33562844 Méjécase C et al. (2021)
c.563A>T p.Lys188Ile missense_variant De novo - Simplex 25944381 Ji J , et al. (2015)
c.734T>G p.Leu245Arg missense_variant De novo - Simplex 25944381 Ji J , et al. (2015)
c.883C>T p.Leu295Phe missense_variant De novo - Simplex 25944381 Ji J , et al. (2015)
c.477del p.Tyr159Ter frameshift_variant De novo - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.638-9_638-5del - splice_region_variant De novo - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.691C>T p.Arg231Ter stop_gained De novo - Simplex 31873310 Breuss MW , et al. (2019)
c.1071+1G>A - splice_site_variant De novo - Simplex 22495309 O'Roak BJ , et al. (2012)
c.525G>A p.Lys175= missense_variant De novo - - 31209962 Aspromonte MC , et al. (2019)
c.1035G>A p.Met345Ile stop_gained Unknown - - 33562844 Méjécase C et al. (2021)
c.1423C>T p.Gln475Ter stop_gained Unknown - - 33562844 Méjécase C et al. (2021)
c.1036T>C p.Ser346Pro missense_variant De novo - - 25920557 Bronicki LM , et al. (2015)
c.665-4del - splice_site_variant De novo - Simplex 30842647 Boonsawat P , et al. (2019)
c.349C>T p.Arg117Ter stop_gained Familial Paternal - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.956G>A p.Arg319Gln splice_site_variant De novo - - 36741085 Infantino I et al. (2023)
c.208-1G>A - splice_site_variant Familial Maternal - 25707398 van Bon BW , et al. (2015)
c.1040T>G p.Leu347Arg missense_variant De novo - - 27848944 Trujillano D , et al. (2016)
c.517G>T p.Val173Phe missense_variant De novo - - 31263215 Blackburn ATM , et al. (2019)
c.317dup p.Lys107GlufsTer13 frameshift_variant De novo - - 33004838 Wang T et al. (2020)
c.1028A>G p.Asp343Gly missense_variant Unknown - Unknown 33753861 Chen JS et al. (2021)
c.859G>T p.Asp287Tyr missense_variant De novo - Simplex 26544041 Zhang Y , et al. (2015)
c.924+4_924+7del - splice_site_variant De novo - Simplex 26922654 Luco SM , et al. (2016)
c.451_466del p.Glu151Ter frameshift_variant De novo - - 35285131 Fenster R et al. (2022)
c.1282C>T p.Arg428Ter stop_gained De novo - Simplex 25363760 De Rubeis S , et al. (2014)
c.1042G>A p.Gly348Arg missense_variant De novo - - 31263215 Blackburn ATM , et al. (2019)
c.1400G>A p.Arg467Gln missense_variant De novo - - 31263215 Blackburn ATM , et al. (2019)
c.1606C>T p.Arg536Trp missense_variant Familial Paternal - 33004838 Wang T et al. (2020)
c.33del p.Lys11AsnfsTer38 frameshift_variant De novo - - 28053047 Evers JM , et al. (2017)
c.250dup p.Leu84ProfsTer7 frameshift_variant De novo - - 35285131 Fenster R et al. (2022)
c.613C>T p.Arg205Ter stop_gained Unknown - Simplex 37541188 Sanchis-Juan A et al. (2023)
c.395A>T p.Asp132Val missense_variant Unknown - - 33562844 Méjécase C et al. (2021)
c.860A>T p.Asp287Val missense_variant Unknown - - 33562844 Méjécase C et al. (2021)
c.878T>A p.Ile293Asn missense_variant Unknown - - 33562844 Méjécase C et al. (2021)
c.883C>T p.Leu295Phe missense_variant Unknown - - 33562844 Méjécase C et al. (2021)
c.1595C>T p.Thr532Met missense_variant Familial Paternal - 27824329 Wang T , et al. (2016)
c.275del p.Ile92ThrfsTer49 frameshift_variant De novo - - 28053047 Evers JM , et al. (2017)
c.887dup p.Val297SerfsTer2 frameshift_variant De novo - - 28053047 Evers JM , et al. (2017)
c.1046G>A p.Cys349Tyr missense_variant De novo - Simplex 33644862 Hiraide T et al. (2021)
c.208dup p.Arg70LysfsTer9 frameshift_variant De novo - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.2133C>A p.Tyr711Ter stop_gained De novo - Simplex 31981491 Satterstrom FK et al. (2020)
c.1028A>C p.Asp343Ala missense_variant Unknown - - 33562844 Méjécase C et al. (2021)
c.1030A>T p.Met344Leu missense_variant Unknown - - 33562844 Méjécase C et al. (2021)
c.1221del p.Lys407AsnfsTer35 frameshift_variant De novo - - 29034068 Earl RK , et al. (2017)
c.1400dup p.His467GlnfsTer9 frameshift_variant De novo - - 35285131 Fenster R et al. (2022)
c.1316del p.Asp439AlafsTer3 frameshift_variant De novo - - 35813072 Krgovic D et al. (2022)
c.1644+133T>G - intron_variant Familial Paternal Simplex 23160955 O'Roak BJ , et al. (2012)
c.799C>T p.Gln267Ter stop_gained Unknown Not maternal - 25707398 van Bon BW , et al. (2015)
c.1031_1037del p.Met344ThrfsTer22 frameshift_variant Unknown - - 35741772 Hu C et al. (2022)
c.775_776del p.Leu259GlufsTer23 frameshift_variant Unknown - - 33004838 Wang T et al. (2020)
c.705_707delinsAC p.Asn235LysfsTer6 stop_gained De novo - - 35285131 Fenster R et al. (2022)
c.782del p.Leu261GlnfsTer28 frameshift_variant De novo - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.1008dup p.Pro337AlafsTer3 frameshift_variant De novo - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.1333dup p.Thr445AsnfsTer4 frameshift_variant De novo - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.473A>G p.Lys158Arg missense_variant Unknown - Unknown 25363760 De Rubeis S , et al. (2014)
c.1536G>A p.Ser512%3D synonymous_variant Unknown - - 35205252 Woodbury-Smith M et al. (2022)
c.1430_1431insA p.Thr478TyrfsTer5 missense_variant Unknown - - 28167836 Dang T , et al. (2017)
c.1406del p.Phe469SerfsTer114 frameshift_variant Unknown - - 35285131 Fenster R et al. (2022)
c.1033del p.Trp345GlyfsTer23 frameshift_variant De novo - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.1270del p.His424IlefsTer27 frameshift_variant De novo - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.1464del p.Ala489ProfsTer94 frameshift_variant De novo - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.1978del p.Ser660ProfsTer43 frameshift_variant De novo - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.1541G>A p.Ser514Asn missense_variant Unknown - Unknown 25363760 De Rubeis S , et al. (2014)
c.1763C>A p.Thr588Asn missense_variant De novo - Simplex 25920557 Bronicki LM , et al. (2015)
c.1522G>A p.Gly508Ser splice_site_variant Unknown - - 33562844 Méjécase C et al. (2021)
c.434del p.Lys145SerfsTer11 frameshift_variant De novo - Simplex 25944381 Ji J , et al. (2015)
c.1243_1244dup p.Lys416ThrfsTer36 frameshift_variant Unknown - - 33004838 Wang T et al. (2020)
c.572_575del p.Ala191GlyfsTer2 frameshift_variant De novo - - 35285131 Fenster R et al. (2022)
c.263_264del p.Ser88CysfsTer2 frameshift_variant De novo - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.270_274del p.Leu91GlnfsTer7 frameshift_variant De novo - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.918dup p.Gln307AlafsTer24 frameshift_variant De novo - - 25920557 Bronicki LM , et al. (2015)
c.848dup p.Asn283LysfsTer6 frameshift_variant De novo - Simplex 36628390 Obara K et al. (2023)
c.208-28G>A - splice_site_variant Familial Paternal Multiplex 31398340 Ruzzo EK , et al. (2019)
c.574_578del p.Gln192ArgfsTer6 frameshift_variant De novo - - 27620904 Martnez F , et al. (2016)
c.675_676del p.Cys226PhefsTer4 frameshift_variant De novo - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.263_264del p.Ser88CysfsTer2 frameshift_variant De novo - - 23099646 Courcet JB , et al. (2012)
c.1205dup p.Arg404ThrfsTer10 frameshift_variant De novo - - 25920557 Bronicki LM , et al. (2015)
c.1464del p.Ala489ProfsTer94 frameshift_variant De novo - - 28191889 Stessman HA , et al. (2017)
c.1309C>T p.Arg437Ter stop_gained Unknown Not maternal - 31263215 Blackburn ATM , et al. (2019)
c.474del p.Gly159ValfsTer7 frameshift_variant De novo - - 31263215 Blackburn ATM , et al. (2019)
c.227dup p.Met76IlefsTer12 frameshift_variant Familial Paternal - 33004838 Wang T et al. (2020)
c.1634C>T p.Ala545Val missense_variant Familial Maternal Simplex 30564305 Guo H , et al. (2018)
c.1643dup p.Val549GlyfsTer15 frameshift_variant De novo - Simplex 30564305 Guo H , et al. (2018)
c.1185dup p.Lys398GlufsTer16 frameshift_variant De novo - Simplex 32555303 Lee KS et al. (2020)
c.1190_1193del p.Lys397ArgfsTer44 frameshift_variant De novo - - 29034068 Earl RK , et al. (2017)
c.1374delinsGG p.Ile459AspfsTer17 frameshift_variant De novo - - 29034068 Earl RK , et al. (2017)
c.956_959del p.Arg319LeufsTer39 splice_site_variant Unknown - - 35285131 Fenster R et al. (2022)
c.763C>T p.Arg255Ter stop_gained Unknown Not maternal Simplex 32094338 Husson T , et al. (2020)
c.1451dup p.Ser485IlefsTer79 frameshift_variant De novo - - 31263215 Blackburn ATM , et al. (2019)
c.398del p.Asp133ValfsTer8 frameshift_variant Unknown - - 33562844 Méjécase C et al. (2021)
c.797del p.Phe266SerfsTer14 frameshift_variant Unknown - - 33562844 Méjécase C et al. (2021)
c.1350dup p.Leu451AlafsTer2 frameshift_variant Unknown - - 33562844 Méjécase C et al. (2021)
c.1400dup p.His467GlnfsTer9 frameshift_variant Unknown - - 33562844 Méjécase C et al. (2021)
c.1074_1077del p.Asp359ArgfsTer2 frameshift_variant De novo - Simplex 25944381 Ji J , et al. (2015)
c.714del p.Phe238LeufsTer12 frameshift_variant De novo - Simplex 28097321 Reuter MS , et al. (2017)
c.489_495del p.Leu164AlafsTer9 frameshift_variant De novo - - 31263215 Blackburn ATM , et al. (2019)
c.817dup p.Ser273LysfsTer6 frameshift_variant De novo - Simplex 25920557 Bronicki LM , et al. (2015)
c.986_995del p.Ser329CysfsTer36 frameshift_variant De novo - - 31263215 Blackburn ATM , et al. (2019)
c.143_144del p.Ile48LysfsTer2 frameshift_variant De novo - Simplex 23160955 O'Roak BJ , et al. (2012)
c.1464del p.Ala489ProfsTer94 frameshift_variant De novo - Simplex 22542183 Iossifov I , et al. (2012)
c.570_573del p.Gln190HisfsTer3 frameshift_variant Unknown - - 33562844 Méjécase C et al. (2021)
c.572_575del p.Ala191GlyfsTer2 frameshift_variant Unknown - - 33562844 Méjécase C et al. (2021)
c.425dup p.Asn142LysfsTer12 frameshift_variant Unknown Not maternal - 29034068 Earl RK , et al. (2017)
c.1217_1220del p.Lys406ArgfsTer44 frameshift_variant De novo - - 31263215 Blackburn ATM , et al. (2019)
TTTCTCTT>TTT - splice_site_variant De novo - - 25533962 Deciphering Developmental Disorders Study (2014)
c.572_575del p.Lys191ThrfsTer6 frameshift_variant De novo - Simplex 35887114 Levchenko O et al. (2022)
c.594_597delinsGAA p.Glu199AsnfsTer3 frameshift_variant De novo - - 25920557 Bronicki LM , et al. (2015)
c.914_919del p.Leu305_Gln307delinsTer inframe_indel Unknown - - 33562844 Méjécase C et al. (2021)
c.952_955del p.Tyr318GlyfsTer40 splice_site_variant Unknown - - 33562844 Méjécase C et al. (2021)
c.1219_1222del p.Lys407HisfsTer34 frameshift_variant Unknown - - 33562844 Méjécase C et al. (2021)
c.621_624delinsGA p.Glu208ThrfsTer6 frameshift_variant De novo - Simplex 25167861 Redin C , et al. (2014)
c.1004del p.Gly335GlufsTer33 frameshift_variant Unknown Not maternal - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.1135dup p.Ala379GlyfsTer9 frameshift_variant Familial Paternal - 31263215 Blackburn ATM , et al. (2019)
c.654_658del p.Phe219ValfsTer10 splice_region_variant Unknown - - 33562844 Méjécase C et al. (2021)
c.425dup p.Asn142LysfsTer12 frameshift_variant Unknown Not maternal Simplex 25944381 Ji J , et al. (2015)
c.1240-1_1240insTAA p.Arg413_Glu414insTer splice_site_variant De novo - - 34345024 Courraud J et al. (2021)
c.664C>T p.Arg222Ter stop_gained De novo - Simplex 25533962 Deciphering Developmental Disorders Study (2014)
c.1406del p.Phe469SerfsTer114 frameshift_variant Unknown Not maternal Simplex 26846091 Rump P , et al. (2016)
c.620T>C p.Leu207Pro missense_variant De novo - Simplex 25533962 Deciphering Developmental Disorders Study (2014)
c.860A>T p.Asp287Val missense_variant De novo - Simplex 25533962 Deciphering Developmental Disorders Study (2014)
c.1036T>C p.Ser346Pro missense_variant De novo - Simplex 25533962 Deciphering Developmental Disorders Study (2014)
c.236del p.Pro79GlnfsTer6 frameshift_variant De novo - Simplex 25533962 Deciphering Developmental Disorders Study (2014)
c.366_367dup p.Glu123GlyfsTer19 frameshift_variant De novo - Simplex 25533962 Deciphering Developmental Disorders Study (2014)
Common Variants  

No common variants reported.

SFARI Gene score
1S

High Confidence, Syndromic

Score Delta: Score remained at 1S

1

High Confidence

See all Category 1 Genes

We considered a rigorous statistical comparison between cases and controls, yielding genome-wide statistical significance, with independent replication, to be the strongest possible evidence for a gene. These criteria were relaxed slightly for category 2.

The syndromic category includes mutations that are associated with a substantial degree of increased risk and consistently linked to additional characteristics not required for an ASD diagnosis. If there is independent evidence implicating a gene in idiopathic ASD, it will be listed as "#S" (e.g., 2S, 3S, etc.). If there is no such independent evidence, the gene will be listed simply as "S."

4/1/2021
1
icon
1

Score remained at 1

Description

A total of four de novo LoF variants in the DYRK1A gene were identified in ASD probands from the Simons Simplex Collection (PMIDs 22495309, 22542183, 23160955, 25363768). Analysis of rare coding variation in 3,871 ASD cases and 9,937 ancestry-matched or paternal controls from the Autism Sequencing Consortium (ASC) in De Rubeis et al., 2014 identified DYRK1A as a gene meeting high statistical significance with a FDR 0.01, meaning that this gene had a 99% chance of being a true autism gene (PMID 25363760). This gene was identified in Iossifov et al. 2015 as a strong candidate to be an ASD risk gene based on a combination of de novo mutational evidence and the absence or very low frequency of mutations in controls (PMID 26401017). Resequencing of the DYRK1A gene in 4716 new cases with DD/ID or ASD in van Bon et al., 2016 identified five novel truncating variants, three of which were confirmed de novo and were observed in cases with ASD and intellectual disability; no truncating variants in DYRK1A were observed in 6503 individuals from NHLBI or in 2193 unaffected SSC siblings (PMID 25707398). Furthermore, phenotypic comparison of 15 cases with DYRK1A disruptions in this report identified a syndromic disorder characterized by ASD, intellectual disability, microcephaly and other shared phenotypes. Evers et al., 2017 reported additional de novo DYRK1A variants identified in individuals from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study presenting with intellectual disability and other features (PMID 28053047).

1/1/2021
1
icon
1

Score remained at 1

Description

A total of four de novo LoF variants in the DYRK1A gene were identified in ASD probands from the Simons Simplex Collection (PMIDs 22495309, 22542183, 23160955, 25363768). Analysis of rare coding variation in 3,871 ASD cases and 9,937 ancestry-matched or paternal controls from the Autism Sequencing Consortium (ASC) in De Rubeis et al., 2014 identified DYRK1A as a gene meeting high statistical significance with a FDR 0.01, meaning that this gene had a 99% chance of being a true autism gene (PMID 25363760). This gene was identified in Iossifov et al. 2015 as a strong candidate to be an ASD risk gene based on a combination of de novo mutational evidence and the absence or very low frequency of mutations in controls (PMID 26401017). Resequencing of the DYRK1A gene in 4716 new cases with DD/ID or ASD in van Bon et al., 2016 identified five novel truncating variants, three of which were confirmed de novo and were observed in cases with ASD and intellectual disability; no truncating variants in DYRK1A were observed in 6503 individuals from NHLBI or in 2193 unaffected SSC siblings (PMID 25707398). Furthermore, phenotypic comparison of 15 cases with DYRK1A disruptions in this report identified a syndromic disorder characterized by ASD, intellectual disability, microcephaly and other shared phenotypes. Evers et al., 2017 reported additional de novo DYRK1A variants identified in individuals from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study presenting with intellectual disability and other features (PMID 28053047).

10/1/2020
1
icon
1

Score remained at 1

Description

A total of four de novo LoF variants in the DYRK1A gene were identified in ASD probands from the Simons Simplex Collection (PMIDs 22495309, 22542183, 23160955, 25363768). Analysis of rare coding variation in 3,871 ASD cases and 9,937 ancestry-matched or paternal controls from the Autism Sequencing Consortium (ASC) in De Rubeis et al., 2014 identified DYRK1A as a gene meeting high statistical significance with a FDR 0.01, meaning that this gene had a 99% chance of being a true autism gene (PMID 25363760). This gene was identified in Iossifov et al. 2015 as a strong candidate to be an ASD risk gene based on a combination of de novo mutational evidence and the absence or very low frequency of mutations in controls (PMID 26401017). Resequencing of the DYRK1A gene in 4716 new cases with DD/ID or ASD in van Bon et al., 2016 identified five novel truncating variants, three of which were confirmed de novo and were observed in cases with ASD and intellectual disability; no truncating variants in DYRK1A were observed in 6503 individuals from NHLBI or in 2193 unaffected SSC siblings (PMID 25707398). Furthermore, phenotypic comparison of 15 cases with DYRK1A disruptions in this report identified a syndromic disorder characterized by ASD, intellectual disability, microcephaly and other shared phenotypes. Evers et al., 2017 reported additional de novo DYRK1A variants identified in individuals from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study presenting with intellectual disability and other features (PMID 28053047).

7/1/2020
1
icon
1

Score remained at 1

Description

A total of four de novo LoF variants in the DYRK1A gene were identified in ASD probands from the Simons Simplex Collection (PMIDs 22495309, 22542183, 23160955, 25363768). Analysis of rare coding variation in 3,871 ASD cases and 9,937 ancestry-matched or paternal controls from the Autism Sequencing Consortium (ASC) in De Rubeis et al., 2014 identified DYRK1A as a gene meeting high statistical significance with a FDR 0.01, meaning that this gene had a 99% chance of being a true autism gene (PMID 25363760). This gene was identified in Iossifov et al. 2015 as a strong candidate to be an ASD risk gene based on a combination of de novo mutational evidence and the absence or very low frequency of mutations in controls (PMID 26401017). Resequencing of the DYRK1A gene in 4716 new cases with DD/ID or ASD in van Bon et al., 2016 identified five novel truncating variants, three of which were confirmed de novo and were observed in cases with ASD and intellectual disability; no truncating variants in DYRK1A were observed in 6503 individuals from NHLBI or in 2193 unaffected SSC siblings (PMID 25707398). Furthermore, phenotypic comparison of 15 cases with DYRK1A disruptions in this report identified a syndromic disorder characterized by ASD, intellectual disability, microcephaly and other shared phenotypes. Evers et al., 2017 reported additional de novo DYRK1A variants identified in individuals from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study presenting with intellectual disability and other features (PMID 28053047).

4/1/2020
1
icon
1

Score remained at 1

Description

A total of four de novo LoF variants in the DYRK1A gene were identified in ASD probands from the Simons Simplex Collection (PMIDs 22495309, 22542183, 23160955, 25363768). Analysis of rare coding variation in 3,871 ASD cases and 9,937 ancestry-matched or paternal controls from the Autism Sequencing Consortium (ASC) in De Rubeis et al., 2014 identified DYRK1A as a gene meeting high statistical significance with a FDR 0.01, meaning that this gene had a 99% chance of being a true autism gene (PMID 25363760). This gene was identified in Iossifov et al. 2015 as a strong candidate to be an ASD risk gene based on a combination of de novo mutational evidence and the absence or very low frequency of mutations in controls (PMID 26401017). Resequencing of the DYRK1A gene in 4716 new cases with DD/ID or ASD in van Bon et al., 2016 identified five novel truncating variants, three of which were confirmed de novo and were observed in cases with ASD and intellectual disability; no truncating variants in DYRK1A were observed in 6503 individuals from NHLBI or in 2193 unaffected SSC siblings (PMID 25707398). Furthermore, phenotypic comparison of 15 cases with DYRK1A disruptions in this report identified a syndromic disorder characterized by ASD, intellectual disability, microcephaly and other shared phenotypes. Evers et al., 2017 reported additional de novo DYRK1A variants identified in individuals from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study presenting with intellectual disability and other features (PMID 28053047).

1/1/2020
1
icon
1

Score remained at 1

Description

A total of four de novo LoF variants in the DYRK1A gene were identified in ASD probands from the Simons Simplex Collection (PMIDs 22495309, 22542183, 23160955, 25363768). Analysis of rare coding variation in 3,871 ASD cases and 9,937 ancestry-matched or paternal controls from the Autism Sequencing Consortium (ASC) in De Rubeis et al., 2014 identified DYRK1A as a gene meeting high statistical significance with a FDR 0.01, meaning that this gene had a 99% chance of being a true autism gene (PMID 25363760). This gene was identified in Iossifov et al. 2015 as a strong candidate to be an ASD risk gene based on a combination of de novo mutational evidence and the absence or very low frequency of mutations in controls (PMID 26401017). Resequencing of the DYRK1A gene in 4716 new cases with DD/ID or ASD in van Bon et al., 2016 identified five novel truncating variants, three of which were confirmed de novo and were observed in cases with ASD and intellectual disability; no truncating variants in DYRK1A were observed in 6503 individuals from NHLBI or in 2193 unaffected SSC siblings (PMID 25707398). Furthermore, phenotypic comparison of 15 cases with DYRK1A disruptions in this report identified a syndromic disorder characterized by ASD, intellectual disability, microcephaly and other shared phenotypes. Evers et al., 2017 reported additional de novo DYRK1A variants identified in individuals from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study presenting with intellectual disability and other features (PMID 28053047).

10/1/2019
1S
icon
1

Score remained at 1

New Scoring Scheme
Description

A total of four de novo LoF variants in the DYRK1A gene were identified in ASD probands from the Simons Simplex Collection (PMIDs 22495309, 22542183, 23160955, 25363768). Analysis of rare coding variation in 3,871 ASD cases and 9,937 ancestry-matched or paternal controls from the Autism Sequencing Consortium (ASC) in De Rubeis et al., 2014 identified DYRK1A as a gene meeting high statistical significance with a FDR 0.01, meaning that this gene had a 99% chance of being a true autism gene (PMID 25363760). This gene was identified in Iossifov et al. 2015 as a strong candidate to be an ASD risk gene based on a combination of de novo mutational evidence and the absence or very low frequency of mutations in controls (PMID 26401017). Resequencing of the DYRK1A gene in 4716 new cases with DD/ID or ASD in van Bon et al., 2016 identified five novel truncating variants, three of which were confirmed de novo and were observed in cases with ASD and intellectual disability; no truncating variants in DYRK1A were observed in 6503 individuals from NHLBI or in 2193 unaffected SSC siblings (PMID 25707398). Furthermore, phenotypic comparison of 15 cases with DYRK1A disruptions in this report identified a syndromic disorder characterized by ASD, intellectual disability, microcephaly and other shared phenotypes. Evers et al., 2017 reported additional de novo DYRK1A variants identified in individuals from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study presenting with intellectual disability and other features (PMID 28053047).

Reports Added
[New Scoring Scheme]
7/1/2019
1S
icon
1S

Score remained at 1S

Description

A total of four de novo LoF variants in the DYRK1A gene were identified in ASD probands from the Simons Simplex Collection (PMIDs 22495309, 22542183, 23160955, 25363768). Analysis of rare coding variation in 3,871 ASD cases and 9,937 ancestry-matched or paternal controls from the Autism Sequencing Consortium (ASC) in De Rubeis et al., 2014 identified DYRK1A as a gene meeting high statistical significance with a FDR 0.01, meaning that this gene had a 99% chance of being a true autism gene (PMID 25363760). This gene was identified in Iossifov et al. 2015 as a strong candidate to be an ASD risk gene based on a combination of de novo mutational evidence and the absence or very low frequency of mutations in controls (PMID 26401017). Resequencing of the DYRK1A gene in 4716 new cases with DD/ID or ASD in van Bon et al., 2016 identified five novel truncating variants, three of which were confirmed de novo and were observed in cases with ASD and intellectual disability; no truncating variants in DYRK1A were observed in 6503 individuals from NHLBI or in 2193 unaffected SSC siblings (PMID 25707398). Furthermore, phenotypic comparison of 15 cases with DYRK1A disruptions in this report identified a syndromic disorder characterized by ASD, intellectual disability, microcephaly and other shared phenotypes. Evers et al., 2017 reported additional de novo DYRK1A variants identified in individuals from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study presenting with intellectual disability and other features (PMID 28053047).

4/1/2019
1S
icon
1S

Score remained at 1S

Description

A total of four de novo LoF variants in the DYRK1A gene were identified in ASD probands from the Simons Simplex Collection (PMIDs 22495309, 22542183, 23160955, 25363768). Analysis of rare coding variation in 3,871 ASD cases and 9,937 ancestry-matched or paternal controls from the Autism Sequencing Consortium (ASC) in De Rubeis et al., 2014 identified DYRK1A as a gene meeting high statistical significance with a FDR 0.01, meaning that this gene had a 99% chance of being a true autism gene (PMID 25363760). This gene was identified in Iossifov et al. 2015 as a strong candidate to be an ASD risk gene based on a combination of de novo mutational evidence and the absence or very low frequency of mutations in controls (PMID 26401017). Resequencing of the DYRK1A gene in 4716 new cases with DD/ID or ASD in van Bon et al., 2016 identified five novel truncating variants, three of which were confirmed de novo and were observed in cases with ASD and intellectual disability; no truncating variants in DYRK1A were observed in 6503 individuals from NHLBI or in 2193 unaffected SSC siblings (PMID 25707398). Furthermore, phenotypic comparison of 15 cases with DYRK1A disruptions in this report identified a syndromic disorder characterized by ASD, intellectual disability, microcephaly and other shared phenotypes. Evers et al., 2017 reported additional de novo DYRK1A variants identified in individuals from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study presenting with intellectual disability and other features (PMID 28053047).

1/1/2019
1S
icon
1S

Score remained at 1S

Description

A total of four de novo LoF variants in the DYRK1A gene were identified in ASD probands from the Simons Simplex Collection (PMIDs 22495309, 22542183, 23160955, 25363768). Analysis of rare coding variation in 3,871 ASD cases and 9,937 ancestry-matched or paternal controls from the Autism Sequencing Consortium (ASC) in De Rubeis et al., 2014 identified DYRK1A as a gene meeting high statistical significance with a FDR 0.01, meaning that this gene had a 99% chance of being a true autism gene (PMID 25363760). This gene was identified in Iossifov et al. 2015 as a strong candidate to be an ASD risk gene based on a combination of de novo mutational evidence and the absence or very low frequency of mutations in controls (PMID 26401017). Resequencing of the DYRK1A gene in 4716 new cases with DD/ID or ASD in van Bon et al., 2016 identified five novel truncating variants, three of which were confirmed de novo and were observed in cases with ASD and intellectual disability; no truncating variants in DYRK1A were observed in 6503 individuals from NHLBI or in 2193 unaffected SSC siblings (PMID 25707398). Furthermore, phenotypic comparison of 15 cases with DYRK1A disruptions in this report identified a syndromic disorder characterized by ASD, intellectual disability, microcephaly and other shared phenotypes. Evers et al., 2017 reported additional de novo DYRK1A variants identified in individuals from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study presenting with intellectual disability and other features (PMID 28053047).

10/1/2017
1S
icon
1S

Score remained at 1S

Description

A total of four de novo LoF variants in the DYRK1A gene were identified in ASD probands from the Simons Simplex Collection (PMIDs 22495309, 22542183, 23160955, 25363768). Analysis of rare coding variation in 3,871 ASD cases and 9,937 ancestry-matched or paternal controls from the Autism Sequencing Consortium (ASC) in De Rubeis et al., 2014 identified DYRK1A as a gene meeting high statistical significance with a FDR ? 0.01, meaning that this gene had a ? 99% chance of being a true autism gene (PMID 25363760). This gene was identified in Iossifov et al. 2015 as a strong candidate to be an ASD risk gene based on a combination of de novo mutational evidence and the absence or very low frequency of mutations in controls (PMID 26401017). Resequencing of the DYRK1A gene in 4716 new cases with DD/ID or ASD in van Bon et al., 2016 identified five novel truncating variants, three of which were confirmed de novo and were observed in cases with ASD and intellectual disability; no truncating variants in DYRK1A were observed in 6503 individuals from NHLBI or in 2193 unaffected SSC siblings (PMID 25707398). Furthermore, phenotypic comparison of 15 cases with DYRK1A disruptions in this report identified a syndromic disorder characterized by ASD, intellectual disability, microcephaly and other shared phenotypes. Evers et al., 2017 reported additional de novo DYRK1A variants identified in individuals from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study presenting with intellectual disability and other features (PMID 28053047).

4/1/2017
1S
icon
1S

Score remained at 1S

Description

A total of four de novo LoF variants in the DYRK1A gene were identified in ASD probands from the Simons Simplex Collection (PMIDs 22495309, 22542183, 23160955, 25363768). Analysis of rare coding variation in 3,871 ASD cases and 9,937 ancestry-matched or paternal controls from the Autism Sequencing Consortium (ASC) identified DYRK1A as a gene meeting high statistical significance with a FDR ?0.01, meaning that this gene had a ?99% chance of being a true autism gene (PMID 25363760). Resequencing of the DYRK1A gene in 4716 new cases with DD/ID or ASD identified five novel truncating variants, three of which were confirmed de novo and were observed in cases with ASD and intellectual disability; no truncating variants in DYRK1A were observed in 6503 individuals from NHLBI or in 2193 unaffected SSC siblings (PMID 25707398). Phenotypic comparison of 15 cases with DYRK1A disruptions in PMID 25707398 identified a syndromic disorder characterized by ASD, intellectual disability, microcephaly and other shared phenotypes. This gene was identified in Iossifov et al. 2015 as a strong candidate to be an ASD risk gene based on a combination of de novo mutational evidence and the absence or very low frequency of mutations in controls (PMID 26401017). Evers et al., 2017 reported additional de novo DYRK1A variants identified in individuals from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study presenting with intellectual disability and other features.

Reports Added
[Sporadic autism exomes reveal a highly interconnected protein network of de novo mutations.2012] [De novo gene disruptions in children on the autistic spectrum.2012] [Multiplex targeted sequencing identifies recurrently mutated genes in autism spectrum disorders.2012] [Synaptic, transcriptional and chromatin genes disrupted in autism.2014] [The contribution of de novo coding mutations to autism spectrum disorder2014] [Large-scale discovery of novel genetic causes of developmental disorders.2014] [Disruptive de novo mutations of DYRK1A lead to a syndromic form of autism and ID.2015] [Truncation of the Down syndrome candidate gene DYRK1A in two unrelated patients with microcephaly.2008] [DYRK1A mutations in two unrelated patients.2015] [The DYRK1A gene is a cause of syndromic intellectual disability with severe microcephaly and epilepsy.2012] [Efficient strategy for the molecular diagnosis of intellectual disability using targeted high-throughput sequencing.2014] [Intragenic deletion in DYRK1A leads to mental retardation and primary microcephaly.2011] [DYRK1A promotes dopaminergic neuron survival in the developing brain and in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease.2014] [Ten new cases further delineate the syndromic intellectual disability phenotype caused by mutations in DYRK1A.2015] [DYRK1A haploinsufficiency causes a new recognizable syndrome with microcephaly, intellectual disability, speech impairment, and distinct facies.2015] [Gene Mutation Analysis in 253 Chinese Children with Unexplained Epilepsy and Intellectual/Developmental Disabilities.2015] [Low load for disruptive mutations in autism genes and their biased transmission.2015] [Whole-exome sequencing is a powerful approach for establishing the etiological diagnosis in patients with intellectual disability and microcephaly.2016] [Case report of novel DYRK1A mutations in 2 individuals with syndromic intellectual disability and a review of the literature.2016] [Phosphorylation of -Tubulin by the Down Syndrome Kinase, Minibrain/DYRK1a, Regulates Microtubule Dynamics and Dendrite Morphogenesis.2016] [High diagnostic yield of syndromic intellectual disability by targeted next-generation sequencing.2016] [De novo genic mutations among a Chinese autism spectrum disorder cohort.2016] [Clinical exome sequencing: results from 2819 samples reflecting 1000 families.2016] [The genomic landscape of balanced cytogenetic abnormalities associated with human congenital anomalies.2016] [Diagnostic Yield and Novel Candidate Genes by Exome Sequencing in 152 Consanguineous Families With Neurodevelopmental Disorders.2017] [Structural analysis of pathogenic mutations in the DYRK1A gene in patients with developmental disorders.2017] [Autism-associated Dyrk1a truncation mutants impair neuronal dendritic and spine growth and interfere with postnatal cortical development.2017] [Targeted sequencing identifies 91 neurodevelopmental-disorder risk genes with autism and developmental-disability biases.2017] [Whole genome sequencing resource identifies 18 new candidate genes for autism spectrum disorder2017] [Genomic diagnosis for children with intellectual disability and/or developmental delay.2017]
1/1/2017
1S
icon
1S

Score remained at 1S

Description

A total of four de novo LoF variants in the DYRK1A gene were identified in ASD probands from the Simons Simplex Collection (PMIDs 22495309, 22542183, 23160955, 25363768). Analysis of rare coding variation in 3,871 ASD cases and 9,937 ancestry-matched or paternal controls from the Autism Sequencing Consortium (ASC) identified DYRK1A as a gene meeting high statistical significance with a FDR ?0.01, meaning that this gene had a ?99% chance of being a true autism gene (PMID 25363760). Resequencing of the DYRK1A gene in 4716 new cases with DD/ID or ASD identified five novel truncating variants, three of which were confirmed de novo and were observed in cases with ASD and intellectual disability; no truncating variants in DYRK1A were observed in 6503 individuals from NHLBI or in 2193 unaffected SSC siblings (PMID 25707398). Phenotypic comparison of 15 cases with DYRK1A disruptions in PMID 25707398 identified a syndromic disorder characterized by ASD, intellectual disability, microcephaly and other shared phenotypes. This gene was identified in Iossifov et al. 2015 as a strong candidate to be an ASD risk gene based on a combination of de novo mutational evidence and the absence or very low frequency of mutations in controls (PMID 26401017). Evers et al., 2017 reported additional de novo DYRK1A variants identified in individuals from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study presenting with intellectual disability and other features.

10/1/2016
1S
icon
1S

Score remained at 1S

Description

A total of four de novo LoF variants in the DYRK1A gene were identified in ASD probands from the Simons Simplex Collection (PMIDs 22495309, 22542183, 23160955, 25363768). Analysis of rare coding variation in 3,871 ASD cases and 9,937 ancestry-matched or paternal controls from the Autism Sequencing Consortium (ASC) identified DYRK1A as a gene meeting high statistical significance with a FDR ?0.01, meaning that this gene had a ?99% chance of being a true autism gene (PMID 25363760). Resequencing of the DYRK1A gene in 4716 new cases with DD/ID or ASD identified five novel truncating variants, three of which were confirmed de novo and were observed in cases with ASD and intellectual disability; no truncating variants in DYRK1A were observed in 6503 individuals from NHLBI or in 2193 unaffected SSC siblings (PMID 25707398). Phenotypic comparison of 15 cases with DYRK1A disruptions in PMID 25707398 identified a syndromic disorder characterized by ASD, intellectual disability, microcephaly and other shared phenotypes. This gene was identified in Iossifov et al. 2015 as a strong candidate to be an ASD risk gene based on a combination of de novo mutational evidence and the absence or very low frequency of mutations in controls (PMID 26401017).

4/1/2016
1S
icon
1S

Score remained at 1S

Description

A total of four de novo LoF variants in the DYRK1A gene were identified in ASD probands from the Simons Simplex Collection (PMIDs 22495309, 22542183, 23160955, 25363768). Analysis of rare coding variation in 3,871 ASD cases and 9,937 ancestry-matched or paternal controls from the Autism Sequencing Consortium (ASC) identified DYRK1A as a gene meeting high statistical significance with a FDR ?0.01, meaning that this gene had a ?99% chance of being a true autism gene (PMID 25363760). Resequencing of the DYRK1A gene in 4716 new cases with DD/ID or ASD identified five novel truncating variants, three of which were confirmed de novo and were observed in cases with ASD and intellectual disability; no truncating variants in DYRK1A were observed in 6503 individuals from NHLBI or in 2193 unaffected SSC siblings (PMID 25707398). Phenotypic comparison of 15 cases with DYRK1A disruptions in PMID 25707398 identified a syndromic disorder characterized by ASD, intellectual disability, microcephaly and other shared phenotypes. This gene was identified in Iossifov et al. 2015 as a strong candidate to be an ASD risk gene based on a combination of de novo mutational evidence and the absence or very low frequency of mutations in controls (PMID 26401017).

Reports Added
[Sporadic autism exomes reveal a highly interconnected protein network of de novo mutations.2012] [De novo gene disruptions in children on the autistic spectrum.2012] [Multiplex targeted sequencing identifies recurrently mutated genes in autism spectrum disorders.2012] [Synaptic, transcriptional and chromatin genes disrupted in autism.2014] [The contribution of de novo coding mutations to autism spectrum disorder2014] [Large-scale discovery of novel genetic causes of developmental disorders.2014] [Disruptive de novo mutations of DYRK1A lead to a syndromic form of autism and ID.2015] [Truncation of the Down syndrome candidate gene DYRK1A in two unrelated patients with microcephaly.2008] [DYRK1A mutations in two unrelated patients.2015] [The DYRK1A gene is a cause of syndromic intellectual disability with severe microcephaly and epilepsy.2012] [Efficient strategy for the molecular diagnosis of intellectual disability using targeted high-throughput sequencing.2014] [Intragenic deletion in DYRK1A leads to mental retardation and primary microcephaly.2011] [DYRK1A promotes dopaminergic neuron survival in the developing brain and in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease.2014] [Ten new cases further delineate the syndromic intellectual disability phenotype caused by mutations in DYRK1A.2015] [DYRK1A haploinsufficiency causes a new recognizable syndrome with microcephaly, intellectual disability, speech impairment, and distinct facies.2015] [Gene Mutation Analysis in 253 Chinese Children with Unexplained Epilepsy and Intellectual/Developmental Disabilities.2015] [Low load for disruptive mutations in autism genes and their biased transmission.2015] [Whole-exome sequencing is a powerful approach for establishing the etiological diagnosis in patients with intellectual disability and microcephaly.2016] [Case report of novel DYRK1A mutations in 2 individuals with syndromic intellectual disability and a review of the literature.2016] [Phosphorylation of -Tubulin by the Down Syndrome Kinase, Minibrain/DYRK1a, Regulates Microtubule Dynamics and Dendrite Morphogenesis.2016]
1/1/2016
1S
icon
1S

Score remained at 1S

Description

A total of four de novo LoF variants in the DYRK1A gene were identified in ASD probands from the Simons Simplex Collection (PMIDs 22495309, 22542183, 23160955, 25363768). Analysis of rare coding variation in 3,871 ASD cases and 9,937 ancestry-matched or paternal controls from the Autism Sequencing Consortium (ASC) identified DYRK1A as a gene meeting high statistical significance with a FDR ?0.01, meaning that this gene had a ?99% chance of being a true autism gene (PMID 25363760). Resequencing of the DYRK1A gene in 4716 new cases with DD/ID or ASD identified five novel truncating variants, three of which were confirmed de novo and were observed in cases with ASD and intellectual disability; no truncating variants in DYRK1A were observed in 6503 individuals from NHLBI or in 2193 unaffected SSC siblings (PMID 25707398). Phenotypic comparison of 15 cases with DYRK1A disruptions in PMID 25707398 identified a syndromic disorder characterized by ASD, intellectual disability, microcephaly and other shared phenotypes. This gene was identified in Iossifov et al. 2015 as a strong candidate to be an ASD risk gene based on a combination of de novo mutational evidence and the absence or very low frequency of mutations in controls (PMID 26401017).

Reports Added
[Sporadic autism exomes reveal a highly interconnected protein network of de novo mutations.2012] [De novo gene disruptions in children on the autistic spectrum.2012] [Multiplex targeted sequencing identifies recurrently mutated genes in autism spectrum disorders.2012] [Synaptic, transcriptional and chromatin genes disrupted in autism.2014] [The contribution of de novo coding mutations to autism spectrum disorder2014] [Large-scale discovery of novel genetic causes of developmental disorders.2014] [Disruptive de novo mutations of DYRK1A lead to a syndromic form of autism and ID.2015] [Truncation of the Down syndrome candidate gene DYRK1A in two unrelated patients with microcephaly.2008] [DYRK1A mutations in two unrelated patients.2015] [The DYRK1A gene is a cause of syndromic intellectual disability with severe microcephaly and epilepsy.2012] [Efficient strategy for the molecular diagnosis of intellectual disability using targeted high-throughput sequencing.2014] [Intragenic deletion in DYRK1A leads to mental retardation and primary microcephaly.2011] [DYRK1A promotes dopaminergic neuron survival in the developing brain and in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease.2014] [Ten new cases further delineate the syndromic intellectual disability phenotype caused by mutations in DYRK1A.2015] [DYRK1A haploinsufficiency causes a new recognizable syndrome with microcephaly, intellectual disability, speech impairment, and distinct facies.2015] [Gene Mutation Analysis in 253 Chinese Children with Unexplained Epilepsy and Intellectual/Developmental Disabilities.2015] [Low load for disruptive mutations in autism genes and their biased transmission.2015] [Whole-exome sequencing is a powerful approach for establishing the etiological diagnosis in patients with intellectual disability and microcephaly.2016] [Case report of novel DYRK1A mutations in 2 individuals with syndromic intellectual disability and a review of the literature.2016]
4/1/2015
1S
icon
1S

Score remained at 1S

Description

A total of four de novo LoF variants in the DYRK1A gene were identified in ASD probands from the Simons Simplex Collection (PMIDs 22495309, 22542183, 23160955, 25363768). Analysis of rare coding variation in 3,871 ASD cases and 9,937 ancestry-matched or paternal controls from the Autism Sequencing Consortium (ASC) identified DYRK1A as a gene meeting high statistical significance with a FDR ?0.01, meaning that this gene had a ?99% chance of being a true autism gene (PMID 25363760). Resequencing of the DYRK1A gene in 4716 new cases with DD/ID or ASD identified five novel truncating variants, three of which were confirmed de novo and were observed in cases with ASD and intellectual disability; no truncating variants in DYRK1A were observed in 6503 individuals from NHLBI or in 2193 unaffected SSC siblings (PMID 25707398). Phenotypic comparison of 15 cases with DYRK1A disruptions in PMID 25707398 identified a syndromic disorder characterized by ASD, intellectual disability, microcephaly and other shared phenotypes.

1/1/2015
1
icon
1S

Score remained at 1S

Description

A total of four de novo LoF variants in the DYRK1A gene were identified in ASD probands from the Simons Simplex Collection (PMIDs 22495309, 22542183, 23160955, 25363768). Analysis of rare coding variation in 3,871 ASD cases and 9,937 ancestry-matched or paternal controls from the Autism Sequencing Consortium (ASC) identified DYRK1A as a gene meeting high statistical significance with a FDR ?0.01, meaning that this gene had a ?99% chance of being a true autism gene (PMID 25363760). Resequencing of the DYRK1A gene in 4716 new cases with DD/ID or ASD identified five novel truncating variants, three of which were confirmed de novo and were observed in cases with ASD and intellectual disability; no truncating variants in DYRK1A were observed in 6503 individuals from NHLBI or in 2193 unaffected SSC siblings (PMID 25707398). Phenotypic comparison of 15 cases with DYRK1A disruptions in PMID 25707398 identified a syndromic disorder characterized by ASD, intellectual disability, microcephaly and other shared phenotypes.

10/1/2014
2
icon
1

Decreased from 2 to 1

Description

A total of four de novo LoF variants in the DYRK1A gene were identified in ASD probands from the Simons Simplex Collection (PMIDs 22495309, 22542183, 23160955, 25363768). Analysis of rare coding variation in 3,871 ASD cases and 9,937 ancestry-matched or paternal controls from the Autism Sequencing Consortium (ASC) identified DYRK1A as a gene meeting high statistical significance with a FDR ?0.01, meaning that this gene had a ?99% chance of being a true autism gene (PMID 25363760).

7/1/2014
No data
icon
2

Increased from No data to 2

Description

Likely gene-disruptive de novo variants in the DYRK1A gene in autistic probands from simplex families have been identified in three separate reports. In the first report, 1 of ~200 de novo protein-altering variants was found in the DYRK1A gene (PMID 22495309). In the second report, 1 of 343 likely gene-disrupting (frameshift) variants was found in the DYRK1A gene (PMID 22542183). In the third report, MLPA screening of 44 candidate genes in 2446 ASD probands identified additional DYRK1A variation (PMID 23160955). No controls; many missense changes in controls in EGV.

4/1/2014
No data
icon
2

Increased from No data to 2

Description

Likely gene-disruptive de novo variants in the DYRK1A gene in autistic probands from simplex families have been identified in three separate reports. In the first report, 1 of ~200 de novo protein-altering variants was found in the DYRK1A gene (PMID 22495309). In the second report, 1 of 343 likely gene-disrupting (frameshift) variants was found in the DYRK1A gene (PMID 22542183). In the third report, MLPA screening of 44 candidate genes in 2446 ASD probands identified additional DYRK1A variation (PMID 23160955). No controls; many missense changes in controls in EGV.

Krishnan Probability Score

Score 0.57879561121083

Ranking 602/25841 scored genes


[Show Scoring Methodology]
Krishnan and colleagues generated probability scores genome-wide by using a machine learning approach on a human brain-specific gene network. The method was first presented in Nat Neurosci 19, 1454-1462 (2016), and scores for more than 25,000 RefSeq genes can be accessed in column G of supplementary table 3 (see: http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v19/n11/extref/nn.4353-S5.xlsx). A searchable browser, with the ability to view networks of associated ASD risk genes, can be found at asd.princeton.edu.
ExAC Score

Score 0.99958454172665

Ranking 895/18225 scored genes


[Show Scoring Methodology]
The Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) is a summary database of 60,706 exomes that has been widely used to estimate 'constraint' on mutation for individual genes. It was introduced by Lek et al. Nature 536, 285-291 (2016), and the ExAC browser can be found at exac.broadinstitute.org. The pLI score was developed as measure of intolerance to loss-of- function mutation. A pLI > 0.9 is generally viewed as highly constrained, and thus any loss-of- function mutations in autism in such a gene would be more likely to confer risk. For a full list of pLI scores see: ftp://ftp.broadinstitute.org/pub/ExAC_release/release0.3.1/functional_gene_constraint/fordist_cle aned_exac_nonTCGA_z_pli_rec_null_data.txt
Iossifov Probability Score

Score 0.99

Ranking 26/239 scored genes


[Show Scoring Methodology]
Supplementary dataset S2 in the paper by Iossifov et al. (PNAS 112, E5600-E5607 (2015)) lists 239 genes with a probability of at least 0.8 of being associated with autism risk (column I). This probability metric combines the evidence from de novo likely-gene- disrupting and missense mutations and assesses it against the background mutation rate in unaffected individuals from the University of Washington’s Exome Variant Sequence database (evs.gs.washington.edu/EVS/). The list of probability scores can be found here: www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1516376112/- /DCSupplemental/pnas.1516376112.sd02.xlsx
Sanders TADA Score

Score 1.9918805103288E-6

Ranking 6/18665 scored genes


[Show Scoring Methodology]
The TADA score ('Transmission and De novo Association') was introduced by He et al. PLoS Genet 9(8):e1003671 (2013), and is a statistic that integrates evidence from both de novo and transmitted mutations. It forms the basis for the claim of 65 individual genes being strongly associated with autism risk at a false discovery rate of 0.1 (Sanders et al. Neuron 87, 1215-1233 (2015)). The calculated TADA score for 18,665 RefSeq genes can be found in column P of Supplementary Table 6 in the Sanders et al. paper (the column headed 'tadaFdrAscSscExomeSscAgpSmallDel'), which represents a combined analysis of exome data and small de novo deletions (see www.cell.com/cms/attachment/2038545319/2052606711/mmc7.xlsx).
Larsen Cumulative Evidence Score

Score 77

Ranking 16/461 scored genes


[Show Scoring Methodology]
Larsen and colleagues generated gene scores based on the sum of evidence for all available ASD-associated variants in a gene, with assessments based on mode of inheritance, effect size, and variant frequency in the general population. The approach was first presented in Mol Autism 7:44 (2016), and scores for 461 genes can be found in column I in supplementary table 4 from that paper.
Zhang D Score

Score 0.13355028307668

Ranking 5486/20870 scored genes


[Show Scoring Methodology]
The DAMAGES score (disease-associated mutation analysis using gene expression signatures), or D score, was developed to combine evidence from de novo loss-of- function mutation with evidence from cell-type- specific gene expression in the mouse brain (specifically translational profiles of 24 specific mouse CNS cell types isolated from 6 different brain regions). Genes with positive D scores are more likely to be associated with autism risk, with higher-confidence genes having higher D scores. This statistic was first presented by Zhang & Shen (Hum Mutat 38, 204- 215 (2017), and D scores for more than 20,000 RefSeq genes can be found in column M in supplementary table 2 from that paper.
Interaction Table
Interactor Symbol Interactor Name Interactor Organism Interactor Type Entrez ID Uniprot ID
ABLIM1 actin binding LIM protein 1 Human Protein Modification 3983 O14639
C10ORF71 Uncharacterized protein C10orf71 Human Protein Binding 118461 Q711Q0-3
CAPN1 Calpain-1 catalytic subunit Human Protein Binding 823 P07384
DCHS1 dachsous 1 (Drosophila) Human Protein Binding 8642 Q96JQ0
FAM53C family with sequence similarity 53, member C Human Protein Binding 51307 Q9NYF3
GLCCI1 glucocorticoid induced transcript 1 Human Protein Binding 113263 Q86VQ1
GluN2A Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A Rat Protein Modification 24409 Q00959
HISTIH2B3 histone cluster 1, H3a Human Protein Modification 8350 P68431
histone H3 Histone H3.1 Human Protein Modification 8350 P68431
IFI44 Interferon-induced protein 44 Human DNA Binding 10561 Q8TCB0
IL1a interleukin 1, alpha Human DNA Binding 3552 P01583
IL6 interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2) Human DNA Binding 3569 B4DVM1
IL8 interleukin 8 Human DNA Binding 3576 P10145
LRCH3 leucine-rich repeats and calponin homology (CH) domain containing 3 Human Protein Binding 84859 Q96II8
LZTS3 leucine zipper, putative tumor suppressor family member 3 Human Protein Binding 9762 O60299
NFATC1 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin-dependent 1 Human Protein Modification 4772 B5B2M8
RCAN1 regulator of calcineurin 1 Human Protein Modification 1827 P53805
RFPL2 Ret finger protein-like 2 Human Protein Binding 10739 O75678-2
RNF169 ring finger protein 169 Human Protein Binding 254225 Q8NCN4
SNAP91 synaptosomal-associated protein 91 Rat Protein Modification 65178 Q05140
Synj synaptojanin Fruit Fly Protein Binding 37517 Q5U0V7
Synj1 synaptojanin 1 Rat Protein Modification 85238 Q62910
TNFa Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form Human DNA Binding 7124 P01375
TNFAIP6 Tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 protein Human DNA Binding 7130 P98066
TRMT61B tRNA methyltransferase 61 homolog B (S. cerevisiae) Human Protein Binding 55006 Q9BVS5
TROAP trophinin associated protein Human Protein Binding 10024 Q12815
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