MKXmohawk homeobox
Autism Reports / Total Reports
2 / 3Rare Variants / Common Variants
4 / 0Chromosome Band
10p12.1Associated Disorders
-Genetic Category
Rare Single Gene MutationRelevance to Autism
Two de novo missense variants that were predicted to be probably damaging (defined as MPC 2) were identified in the MKX gene in ASD probands from the Autism Sequencing Consoritum, while an additional protein-truncating variant in this gene was observed in a case sample from the Danish iPSYCH study (Satterstrom et al., 2020). TADA analysis of de novo variants from the Simons Simplex Collection and the Autism Sequencing Consortium and protein-truncating variants from iPSYCH in Satterstrom et al., 2020 identified MKX as a candidate gene with a false discovery rate (FDR) 0.01.
Molecular Function
The protein encoded by this gene is an IRX family-related homeobox protein that may play a role in cell adhesion.
External Links
SFARI Genomic Platforms
Reports related to MKX (3 Reports)
| # | Type | Title | Author, Year | Autism Report | Associated Disorders |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Primary | Large-Scale Exome Sequencing Study Implicates Both Developmental and Functional Changes in the Neurobiology of Autism | Satterstrom FK et al. (2020) | Yes | - |
| 2 | Support | - | Yap CX et al. (2021) | Yes | - |
| 3 | Support | - | N.Y.) (07/2) | No | - |
Rare Variants (4)
| Status | Allele Change | Residue Change | Variant Type | Inheritance Pattern | Parental Transmission | Family Type | PubMed ID | Author, Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | - | copy_number_loss | Familial | Maternal | - | 33568206 | Yap CX et al. (2021) | |
| c.794C>A | p.Ser265Tyr | missense_variant | De novo | - | - | 35901164 | N.Y.) (07/2) | |
| c.265C>T | p.Leu89Phe | missense_variant | De novo | - | Simplex | 31981491 | Satterstrom FK et al. (2020) | |
| c.277C>G | p.Arg93Gly | missense_variant | De novo | - | Multiplex | 31981491 | Satterstrom FK et al. (2020) |
Common Variants
No common variants reported.
SFARI Gene score
1
High Confidence
Score Delta: Score remained at 1
criteria met
See SFARI Gene'scoring criteriaWe considered a rigorous statistical comparison between cases and controls, yielding genome-wide statistical significance, with independent replication, to be the strongest possible evidence for a gene. These criteria were relaxed slightly for category 2.
4/1/2022
1
Increased from to 1
Krishnan Probability Score
Score 0.50387929358909
Ranking 1935/25841 scored genes
[Show Scoring Methodology]
Krishnan and colleagues generated probability scores genome-wide by using a machine learning
approach on a human brain-specific gene network. The method was first presented in Nat
Neurosci 19, 1454-1462 (2016), and scores for more than 25,000 RefSeq genes can be accessed
in column G of supplementary table 3 (see:
http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v19/n11/extref/nn.4353-S5.xlsx). A searchable browser,
with the ability to view networks of associated ASD risk genes, can be found at
asd.princeton.edu.
ExAC Score
Score 0.88232008640152
Ranking 3360/18225 scored genes
[Show Scoring Methodology]
The Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) is a summary database of 60,706 exomes that has
been widely used to estimate 'constraint' on mutation for individual genes. It was introduced by
Lek et al. Nature 536, 285-291 (2016), and the ExAC browser can be found at
exac.broadinstitute.org. The pLI score was developed as measure of intolerance to loss-of-
function mutation. A pLI > 0.9 is generally viewed as highly constrained, and thus any loss-of-
function mutations in autism in such a gene would be more likely to confer risk. For a full list of
pLI scores see:
ftp://ftp.broadinstitute.org/pub/ExAC_release/release0.3.1/functional_gene_constraint/fordist_cle
aned_exac_nonTCGA_z_pli_rec_null_data.txt
Sanders TADA Score
Score 0.92838679680356
Ranking 10902/18665 scored genes
[Show Scoring Methodology]
The TADA score ('Transmission and De novo Association') was introduced by He et al. PLoS Genet 9(8):e1003671 (2013),
and is a statistic that integrates evidence from both de novo and transmitted mutations.
It forms the basis for the claim of 65 individual genes being strongly associated with autism risk at a false discovery rate of 0.1 (Sanders et al. Neuron 87, 1215-1233
(2015)). The calculated TADA score for 18,665 RefSeq genes can be found in column P of Supplementary Table 6 in the Sanders et al. paper
(the column headed 'tadaFdrAscSscExomeSscAgpSmallDel'), which represents a combined analysis of exome data and small de novo deletions (see www.cell.com/cms/attachment/2038545319/2052606711/mmc7.xlsx).
Zhang D Score
Score -0.1346488397686
Ranking 13645/20870 scored genes
[Show Scoring Methodology]
The DAMAGES score (disease-associated mutation analysis using gene expression signatures),
or D score, was developed to combine evidence from de novo loss-of- function mutation with
evidence from cell-type- specific gene expression in the mouse brain (specifically translational
profiles of 24 specific mouse CNS cell types isolated from 6 different brain regions). Genes with
positive D scores are more likely to be associated with autism risk, with higher-confidence genes
having higher D scores. This statistic was first presented by Zhang & Shen (Hum Mutat 38, 204-
215 (2017), and D scores for more than 20,000 RefSeq genes can be found in column M in
supplementary table 2 from that paper.